Table 2.
Lymphatic-Specific Outcomes Metrics: Lymph Node Disease (LND), Lymph Node Burden (LNB), Lymph Node Ratio (LNR), Lymphatic Vessel Invasion (LVI)
| Analyzed/Significant Metrics* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Conclusions/Recommendations | LND | LNB | LNR | LVI |
| Ausborn 2013 | High LNR is associated with decreased overall survival of PDAC patients only when 53BP1 expression is low |
||||
| Berger 2004 | LNR > 0.15, not number of LNs examined, predicts overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with PDAC |
||||
| Bhatti 2010 | LNR is a better predictor of overall survival than LNB or LND in PDAC |
||||
| Chen 2010 | Lymphovascular invasion (may be blood or lymphatic vessels) predicts 5-year survival in periampullary cancer and PDAC patients |
||||
| House 2007 | Presence of LND predicts survival in PDAC patients; In node positive disease, LNB and LNR are good predictors of survival |
||||
| John 2013 | LNB and LNR can be used to predict cancer-specific survival in patients with PDAC of pancreas head regardless of resection margin status |
||||
| Konstantinidis 2010 | Regional lymph node metastasis and direct lymph node invasion equally negatively impact survival; LNR ≥ 0.2, LNB, and LVI are useful predictors of prognosis of PDAC patients |
||||
| La Torre 2011 | LND and LNR are both predictive of prognosis in PDAC patients; LNR maintains significance on multivariate analysis |
||||
| Murakami 2010 | LND and LNB, not LNR, predict overall survival in PDAC patients; LNR also significant in univariate analysis |
||||
| Nakagohri 2006 | LND and LVI are predictors of 3-year survival; LND is best predictor of all analyzed for PDAC patients |
||||
| Pawlik 2007 | LNR predicts prognosis and disease-specific survival in PDAC patients |
||||
| Riediger 2009 | LNR, not LND or LNB, predicts overall survival in PDAC patients | ||||
| Robinson 2012 | LND and LNR are good predictors of 5-year survival of PDAC patients; LNR better when > 0.15 |
||||
| Schwarz 2006 | Number of lymph nodes examined and number of negative lymph nodes identified predict survival for exocrine pancreatic cancer patients |
||||
| Sergeant 2009 | Extracapsular LNR predicts overall survival as does overall LNR; LNB predicts disease-free survival in PDAC patients |
||||
| Sierzega 2006 | LND predicts prognosis in patients with PDAC of pancreas head; In node positive disease, LNR > 0.2 predicts survival; Specifically, Group 8 and 12 lymph nodes were prognostic |
||||
| Slidell 2008 | Number of positive LNs, presence of LND, and LNR are significantly associated with survival in PDAC patients |
||||
| Smith 2014 | New predictive tool available for LNR and survival that incorporates specific patient metrics and includes population characteristics |
||||
| Tol 2015 | LNR above 0.18 predicts 3-year survival in PDAC patients | ||||
| Yamamoto 2014 | LNB and LNR are predictors of PDAC patient prognosis, not LVI; LNR is best predictor of all metrics examined |
||||
*
White: metric not analyzed; Light gray: metric analyzed but not statistically significant; Dark gray: statistically significant metric