Fig. 9.

The immune responses and body weights of raccoon dogs that received the ERAGS strain via either the oral or intramuscular (IM) route (26.4 and 32.8 IU/mL, respectively). At 4 weeks post-inoculation, high virus-neutralizing antibody titers were induced in all immunized raccoon dogs (A). The body weights of those that received oral administrations significantly increased whereas those that received IM administrations did not (B). Each bar represents the mean±standard error of the mean of three independent samples. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, Tukey's post hoc test). Asterisks (^*p < 0.05) and double asterisks (^**p < 0.01) in each panel indicate significant differences from corresponding control groups without any treatment (unpaired t-test). FAVN, fluorescent antibody virus neutralization.