Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | Lean (n = 12) | Obese NGT (n = 27) | Obese T2DM (n = 27) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.2 ± 6.2 | 47.7 ± 6.4 | 51.0 ± 7.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.4 ± 7.2 | 124.3 ± 11.7*** | 117.2 ± 17.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 1.6 | 43.8 ± 3.2*** | 42.0 ± 5.5 |
| Waist (cm) | 78.0 ± 6.0 | 122.3 ± 9.2*** | 123.2 ± 11.0 |
| Fat mass (%) | 35.5 ± 2.4 | 56.3 ± 2.2*** | 55.7 ± 4.4 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 31.9 ± 2.5 | 36.1 ± 7.8 | 49.6 ± 12.0††† |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 6.7 ± 1.1††† |
| Triacylglycerols (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.7† |
| NEFA (mmol/l) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 0.8 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3*** | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.6 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 2.3** | 5.4 ± 3.6† |
Data are presented as means ± SD
Differences between the groups were tested using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction
**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 for lean vs obese NGT individuals.
† p < 0.05 and ††† p < 0.001 for obese NGT individuals vs obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)