Table 2.

Association between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features of 54 spinal chordoma patients

Clinicopathological factors	PD-1 in tumor			PD-1 in TIL			PD-L1 in tumor			PD-L1 in TIL
	Negative (n = 17)	Positive (n = 37)	p-value	Negative (n = 16)	Positive (n = 38)	p-value	Negative (n = 17)	Positive (n = 37)	p-value	Negative (n = 42)	Positive (n = 12)	p-value
Age (years)
≤ 50	9	14	0.29	9	11	0.058	7	16	0.88	15	8	0.056
> 50	8	23		7	27		10	21		27	4
Sex
Male	8	27	0.064	8	27	0.13	12	23	0.54	28	7	0.84
Female	9	10		8	11		5	14		14	5
Tumor size
≤ 5 cm	6	15	0.71	7	14	0.63	6	15	0.71	17	4	0.91
> 5 cm	11	22		9	24		11	22		25	8
Tumor location
Sacral vertebra	13	29	1.00	11	31	0.49	14	28	0.84	32	10	0.89
Cervical or thoracic or lumbar vertebra	4	8		5	7		3	9		10	2
Surrounding muscle invasion
Yes	9	27	0.14	8	28	0.092	11	25	0.83	29	7	0.72
No	8	10		8	10		6	12		13	5
Preoperative recurrence
Yes	5	6	0.45	4	7	0.85	6	5	0.13	6	5	0.095
No	12	31		12	31		11	32		36	7
Grade
High	12	26	0.98	12	26	0.87	15	23	0.051	27	11	0.14
Low	5	11		4	12		2	14		15	1
Stagea
IA	5	8	0.97	4	9	0.38	2	11	0.041	12	1	0.23
IB	2	4		1	5		0	6		6	0
IIA	0	4		0	4		3	1		2	2
IIB	8	19		9	18		9	18		18	9
III	2	2		2	2		3	1		4	0
Type of resection
EI	4	14	0.30	3	15	0.14	5	13	0.67	17	1	0.083
EA	13	23		13	23		12	24		25	11
Tumor hemorrhage
No	4	6	0.79	4	6	0.68	3	7	1.00	7	3	0.81
Yes	13	31		12	32		14	30		35	9
Tumor necrosisb
Absent	4	9	0.42	3	10	0.64	4	9	0.41	10	3	0.34
Mild	8	10		6	12		5	13		16	2
Moderate	3	12		4	11		3	12		11	4
Severe	2	6		3	5		5	3		5	3
Extent of TILs
Negative	9	14	0.29	10	13	0.055	12	11	0.005	16	7	0.21
Positive	8	23		6	25		5	26		26	5
Ki-67 index
Low	10	15	0.21	8	17	0.72	8	17	0.93	19	6	0.77
High	7	22		8	21		9	20		23	6

EI, Enneking inappropriate; EA, Enneking appropriate; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1.

^aWilcoxon rank sum test.

^bWilcoxon rank sum test.