Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | N (%) | Anemia status | χ 2 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| (n = 1629, 44.15%) | (n = 2065, 55.9%) | ||||
| Age | 6.229 | 0.007∗ | |||
| 15–29 | (1777) 48.1 | 45.8 | 49.9 | ||
| 30–49 | (1917) 51.9 | 54.2 | 50.1 | ||
| Educational attainment | 8.81 | <0.017∗ | |||
| Nil | (1103) 29.9 | 32.0 | 28.2 | ||
| Primary | (2436) 65.9 | 64.5 | 67.1 | ||
| Secondary/higher | (155) 4.2 | 3.6 | 4.7 | ||
| Wealth | 3.99 | 0.136 | |||
| Lowest | (1236) 33.5 | 32.4 | 34.3 | ||
| Middle | (1520) 41.1 | 40.7 | 41.5 | ||
| Highest | (938) 25.4 | 26.9 | 24.2 | ||
| Employed | 1.153 | 0.115 | |||
| Yes | (393) 10.6 | 8.1 | 9.1 | ||
| No | (3301) 89.4 | 91.9 | 90.9 | ||
| Food security level | 0.148 | 0.710 | |||
| Secure | (2951) 79.9 | 80.2 | 79.7 | ||
| Insecure | (743) 20.1 | 19.8 | 20.3 | ||
| Microcredit | 7.442 | 0.004∗ | |||
| Yes | (1074) 29.1 | 68.6 | 72.7 | ||
| No | (2620) 70.9 | 31.4 | 27.3 | ||
| Number of household members | 0.630 | 0.224 | |||
| >5 members | (2207) 59.7 | 39.5 | 40.8 | ||
| ≥5 members | (1487) 40.3 | 60.5 | 59.2 | ||
| Water | 0.805 | 0.242 | |||
| Piped/hygienic | (3666) 99.2 | 99.4 | 99.1 | ||
| Others/unhygienic | (28) 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | ||
| Toilet facility | 19.424 | 0.0328 | |||
| Sanitary | (3685) 99.8 | 31.7 | 29.1 | ||
| Nonsanitary | (9) 0.2 | 68.3 | 70.9 | ||
| Cooking fuel | 3.219 | 0.041∗ | |||
| Unclean | (3374) 91.3 | 88.3 | 90.2 | ||
| Clean | (320) 8.7 | 11.7 | 9.8 | ||
| Main floor material | 7.630 | 0.012 | |||
| Concrete | (452) 12.2 | 11.5 | 12.8 | ||
| Raw | (3242) 87.8 | 88.5 | 87.2 | ||
| Main wall material | 0.312 | 0.137 | |||
| Concrete | (1531) 41.4 | 58.1 | 58.9 | ||
| Raw | (2163) 58.6 | 41.9 | 41.1 | ||
| Main roof material | 1.912 | 0.097 | |||
| Concrete | (3242) 87.8 | 60.5 | 59.2 | ||
| Raw | (452) 12.2 | 39.5 | 40.8 | ||
∗Significant at p < 0.05.