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. 2016 Aug 2;7:135. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00135

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Copyright © 2016 Wang, Zhao and Vasquez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Replication-independent H-DNA-induced genetic instability in HeLa cell extracts. (A) H-DNA-induced mutation frequencies in the presence (SV40T+) or absence (SV40T-) of replication in HeLa cell-free extracts. The number of mutants observed and the total number of colonies screened are listed below the corresponding bars. Error bars show the standard errors of the mean value of three independent experiments. (B) H-DNA-induced cleavage in replication-incompetent HeLa cell extracts. A radiolabeled 400-bp fragment containing SSBs generated in HeLa cell extracts (+) is indicated by an arrow, and the radiolabeled shorter fragments indicative of H-DNA-induced DSBs in HeLa cell extracts are marked with “^∗”. Plasmids incubated in the absence of HeLa cell extracts (-) served as controls.