Table 2. Summary of the 12 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays and sample types used to detect viral RNA in at least one human case of Zika virus infection.

Author (year) of published PCR assay	PCR target	PCR technique	Amplicon size (bp)	Zika virus lineage analytical	Zika virus lineage field	No. of human patients tested in studies	Sample types positive in field
Lanciotti et al. (2008)43	Zika virus prM/E, target 1	Hydrolysis probe	76	Asian, African	Asian	> 200 (combined set)5,10,23,24,34,36,38,40–42,49,50	Serum, urine, amniotic fluid
Lanciotti et al. (2008)43	Zika virus E, target 2	Hydrolysis probe	76	Asian, African	Asian	> 200 (combined set)5,10,23,24,34,36,38,40–42,49,50	Serum, urine, amniotic fluid
Faye et al. (2013)51	Zika virus NS5	Locked nucleic acid probe	102	Asian, African	African	3 (B Rockx, personal communication, February 2016)	Serum
Tappe et al. (2014)19	Zika virus NS3	Hydrolysis probe	94	Asian	Asian	519–22,25	Serum
Faye et al. (2008)52	Zika virus E	Conventional	364	African	Asian	> 15 (combined set)53,54	Serum
Pyke et al. (2014)15	Zika virus NS1	Hydrolysis probe	65	Asian	Asian	155	Serum
Pyke et al. (2014)15	Zika virus E	Hydrolysis probe	71	Asian	Asian	155	Serum
Moureau et al. (2007)56	Flavivirus NS5	SYBR®-green-based	269–272	African	Asian	218,57	Serum, urine
Kuno et al. (1998)58	Flavivirus NS5	Conventional	1079	Asian, African	Asian	5159	Serum
Scaramozzino et al. (2001)60	Flavivirus NS5	Conventional (semi-nested)	220	African	Asian	155 (L Barzon, personal communication, February 2016)	Serum, urine
Maher-Sturgess et al. (2008)61	Flavivirus NS5	Conventional	800	African	Asian	115	Serum
Ayers et al. (2006)62	Flavivirus NS5	Conventional	863	–	Asian	117	Serum, urine, nasopharynx

Bp: base pairs; E: envelope structural protein; NS1: non-structural protein 1; NS3: non-structural protein 3; NS5: non-structural protein 5; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; prM: precursor to membrane protein M; RNA: ribonucleic acid.

Note: Dashes indicate data not described.