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. 2016 Aug 2;16:337. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1478-3

Table 2.

Study sample characteristics, chi-squared test reporting significance level for association with antenatal care utilisation, ordinal regression analysis reporting adjusted OR for being assigned into a higher CTP category

Antenatal care utilisation classified by the CTP tool P value Adjusted OR
Inadequate Intermediate Sufficient Appropriate χ2 test
(N = 49) (N = 46) (N = 214) (N = 333)
Total (column %) N (row %) N (row %) N (row %) N (row %)
Predisposing characteristics
 Age (years) 0.32(a) (b)
  ≤20 8 (1.2) 0 0 6 (75.0) 2 (25.0)
  21–35 528 (82.2) 41 (7.8) 40 (7.6) 172 (32.6) 275 (52.1)
  >35 106 (16.5) 8 (7.5) 6 (5.7) 36 (34.0) 56 (52.8)
 Marital status 0.14(a) (b)
  Co-habiting or married 604 (94.1) 44 (7.3) 45 (7.5) 197 (32.6) 318 (52.6)
  Single 38 (5.9) 5 (13.2) 1 (2.6) 17 (44.7) 15 (39.5)
 Occupational status <0.001
  Employed 419 (65.3) 20 (4.8) 26 (6.2) 120 (28.6) 253 (60.4)
  Unemployed 223 (34.7) 29 (13.0) 20 (9.0) 94 (42.2) 80 (35.9) 0.49 (0.34-0.70)
 Educational level <0.001
  Up to secondary 376 (58.6) 35 (9.3) 33 (8.8) 139 (37.0) 169 (44.9) 0.60 (0.43-0.82)
  Tertiary 266 (41.4) 14 (5.3) 13 (4.9) 75 (28.2) 164 (61.7)
 Nationality 0.009 (b)
  Belgian/Dutch 475 (74.0) 29 (6.1) 36 (7.6) 149 (31.4) 261 (54.9)
  All other nationalities 167 (26.0) 20 (12.0) 10 (6.0) 65 (38.9) 72 (43.1)
 Educational level partner <0.001 (b)
  No partner 38 (5.9) 5 (13.2) 1 (2.6) 17 (44.7) 15 (39.5)
  Up to secondary 334 (52.0) 33 (9.9) 30 (9.0) 120 (35.9) 151 (45.2)
  Tertiary 270 (42.1) 11 (4.1) 15 (5.6) 77 (28.5) 167 (61.9)
 Nationality of the partner 0.003 (b)
  No partner 38 (5.9) 5 (13.2) 1 (2.6) 17 (44.7) 15 (39.5)
  Belgian/Dutch 441 (68.7) 27 (6.1) 29 (6.6) 133 (30.2) 252 (57.1)
  All other nationalities 163 (25.4) 17 (10.4) 16 (9.8) 64 (39.3) 66 (40.5)
 Region 0.009
  Brussels Metropolitan 321 (50.0) 31 (9.7) 26 (8.1) 118 (36.8) 146 (45.5) 0.90 (0.64-1.26)
  Urban Dutch regions 321 (50.0) 18 (5.6) 20 (6.2) 96 (29.9) 187 (58.3)
Enabling characteristics
 Equivalent income <0.001 (b)
  Low 112 (17.4) 17 (15.2) 9 (8.0) 51 (45.5) 35 (31.3)
  Moderate 451 (70.2) 29 (6.4) 33 (7.3) 141 (31.3) 248 (55.0)
  High 79 (12.3) 3 (3.8) 4 (5.1) 22 (27.8) 50 (63.3)
 Health insurance cover 0.008(a) (b)
  Yes 623 (97.0) 46 (7.4) 46 (7.4) 202 (32.4) 329 (52.8)
  No 19 (3.0) 3 (15.8) 0 (0.0) 12 (63.2) 4 (21.1)
 Additional health insurance <0.001 (b)
  Yes 431 (67.1) 24 (5.6) 29 (6.7) 130 (30.2) 248 (57.5)
  No 211 (32.9) 25 (11.8) 17 (8.1) 84 (39.8) 85 (40.3)
Pregnancy-related characteristics
 Parity 0.042 (b)
  Primiparae 284 (44.2) 19 (6.7) 16 (5.6) 84 (29.6) 165 (58.1)
  Multiparae 358 (55.8) 30 (8.4) 30 (8.4) 130 (36.3) 168 (46.9)
Wish for pregnancyd 0.51(a) (b)
  Wanted pregnancy 628 (98.0) 49 (7.8) 44 (7.0) 210 (33.4) 325 (51.8)
  Unwanted pregnancy 13 (2.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (15.4) 4 (30.8) 7 (53.8)
 Planned pregnancy 0.013 (b)
  Yes 512 (79.8) 35 (6.8) 34 (6.6) 161 (31.4) 282 (55.1)
  No 130 (20.2) 14 (10.8) 12 (9.2) 53 (40.8) 51 (39.2)
 COCe 0.041
  <50 % 463 (72.1) 42 (9.1) 39 (7.8) 158 (34.1) 227 (49.0) 0.60 (0.42-0.84)
  ≥50 % 179 (27.9) 7 (3.9) 10 (5.6) 56 (31.3) 106 (59.2)
Attending antenatal information classes <0.001
 Yes 238 (37.1) 11 (4.6) 7 (2.9) 72 (30.3) 148 (62.2)
 No 404 (62.9) 38 (9.4) 39 (9.7) 142 (35.1) 185 (45.8) 0.67 (0.47-0.94)

aThe condition for the chi-squared test for larger contingency tables was not met: valid if less than 20 % of the expected numbers are under 5 and the minimum expected count is less than 1 37

bNot included in the final model of ordinal logistic regression analysis

c∑ incomes in the household/(1 + (x*0.5) + (y*0.3)) (x: number of adults living in the same household, y: number of children under the age of 18 years living in the same household [modified OECD scale] [23]

d n = 641

eContinuity of Care index: COC=nj2nnn1 [26]

Bold values signify significant findings P<0.05