Table 2.

Concentration of amino acids and monoamine metabolites in CSF

	No dementia (n = 39)			Dementia (n = 38)
	No delirium (n = 21)	Delirium (n = 18)	p-value	No delirium (n = 3)	Delirium (n = 35)	p-value
Amino acids
Alanine, μmol/L	25 (20–36)	27 (19–43)	0.39	17 (16–17)	25 (20–32)	0.128
Arginine, μmol/L	12 (11–16)	12 (9–17)	0.53	9 (9–9)	12 (9–13)	0.25
Aspargine, μmol/L	5 (4–6)	6 (3–8)	0.51	3 (3–3)	4 (4–5)	0.07
Glutamate, μmol/L	0.7 (0.4–1.8)	0.9 (0.6–1.7)	0.44	0.6 (0.3–0.6)	0.5 (0.4–0.8)	0.91
Glutamine, μmol/L	460 (360–528)	505 (384–588)	0.34	284 (278–284)	385 (321–457)	0.045
Glycine, μmol/L	28 (24–35)	27 (21–38)	0.51	23 (22–23)	28 (25–36)	0.72
Isoleucine, μmol/L	5 (3–6)	6 (3–10)	0.11	5 (4–5)	6 (4–7)	0.88
Leucine, μmol/L	11 (7–15)	12 (9–22)	0.38	12 (9–12)	13 (9–16)	0.98
Lysine, μmol/L	13 (11–15)	13 (10–17)	0.77	10 (10–10)	12 (10–15)	0.48
Methionine, μmol/L	3 (2–4)	4 (3–6)	0.030	3 (1–3)	4 (3–5)	0.029
Phenylalanine, μmol/L	9 (7–13)	14 (9–19)	0.014	6 (6–6)	9 (7–11)	0.021
Serine, μmol/L	17 (14–18)	15 (10–17)	0.21	13 (13–13)	15 (12–18)	0.92
Taurine, μmol/L	8 (7–11)	8 (6–10)	0.64	8 (7–8)	7 (5–9)	0.71
Tryptophan, μmol/L	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	1.1 (0.7–1.5)	0.042	0.6 (0.4–0.6)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)	0.15
Tyrosine, μmol/L	5 (4–7)	8 (5–11)	0.028	4 (3–4)	5 (4–7)	0.041
Valine, μmol/L	16 (13–25)	18 (14–31)	0.32	12 (12–12)	15 (12–21)	0.47
Monoamine metabolites
HVA, nmol/L	170 (102–280)	204 (125–250)	0.42	134 (67–134)	114 (68–179)	0.88
5HIAA, nmol/L	138 (111–156)	170 (119–261)	0.048	99 (81–99)	104 (68–(140)	0.84

IQR interquartile range, HVA homovanillic acid, 5HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic

Concentration of amino acids and monoamine metabolites in hip fracture patients with and without delirium, stratified by pre-fracture dementia status. All values are median (IQR). P-values were calculated using Mann–Whitney U test. P-values below 0.05 are in bold