Table 3.

Benchmarking time consumption of GEM implementations on Emodel, Gmodel and GxEmodel by comparing normal R script in a public available dataset in standard laptop and HPC settings

	Dataset: Teh et al., 1423 CpGs, 708,365 SNPs and 19 environments in a standard laptop
Method	Time cost on standard laptop	Time cost in HPC	Method	Time cost
LM_Emodel	95.1 s		GEM_Emodel	18.9 s
LM_Gmodel	> = 60 days (a)	3 h	GEM_Gmodel	5.2 min
LM_GxEmodel	> = 60 days (a)	21 h	GEM_GxEmodel	1.5 h

^aThe time for LM_Gmodel and LM_GxEmodel in standard laptop was computed based on the time cost on 10 CpGs