Table 1.
Selected demographic characteristics and iAs exposure indicators of the BEAR study.
| Characteristic | n (%)+ | Mean, Median (Range) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age at Delivery (years) | - | 24, 23 (18–41) |
| Education | ||
| Less than High School | 50 (25.1%) | - |
| High School or Above | 149 (74.5%) | - |
| Smoking Status During Pregnancy | ||
| Non-smokers | 186 (93.0%) | - |
| Current smokers | 13 (7.0%) | - |
| Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy | ||
| None | 159 (79.5%) | - |
| Some | 41 (20.5%) | - |
| Seafood Consumption During Pregnancy | ||
| None | 155 (78.3%) | - |
| Some | 43 (21.7%) | - |
| Infant Sex | ||
| Male | 104 (52.0%) | - |
| Female | 96 (48.0%) | - |
| Birth Outcomes | ||
| Gestational Age (weeks) | ||
| All | - | 39, 40 (34–42) |
| <37 weeks (preterm) | 3 (1.5%) | - |
| >37 weeks (not preterm) | 197 (98.5%) | - |
| Birth weight (g) | ||
| All | - | 3339, 3355 (1800–5120) |
| Male | - | 3453, 3490 (2100–5120)* |
| Female | - | 3215, 3150 (1800–4200) |
| Low Birth Weight (LBW) | 4 (2.0%) | - |
| Small for Gestational Age (SGA) | 28 (14.0%) | - |
| Large for Gestational Age (LGA) | 19 (9.5%) | - |
| Placental Weight (g) | - | 648, 640 (390–1070) |
| Length (cm) | - | 50, 50 (40–59) |
| Head Circumference (cm) | - | 35, 35 (31–38) |
| Exposure measures | ||
| DW-iAs (μg/L) | - | 24.6, 13.0 (<LOD#- 236.0) |
| U-tAs (μg/L) | - | 37.5, 23.3 (4.3–319.7) |
| Metabolism of Arsenic Indicators | ||
| U-iAs (μg/L) | - | 2.1, 1.3 (<LOD#-23.0) |
| U-MMAs (μg/L) | - | 2.3, 1.4 (0.12–18.2) |
| U-DMAs (μg/L) | - | 33.1, 20.6 (1.4–292.5) |
| iAs (%) | - | 6.1, 5.3 (0.77–45.1) |
| MMAs (%) | - | 6.4, 6.0 (0.68–24.9) |
| DMAs (%) | - | 87.6, 88.5 (32.7–96.7) |
+
Differences in n based on missing demographic data.
*
Significant difference in means (p=0.0003) between males and females.
#
Limit of detection (LOD) for DW-iAs=0.46 μg/L
#
Limit of detection (LOD) for U-iAs=0.2 μg/L
#
Limit of detection (LOD) for U-MMAs=0.1 μg/L
#
Limit of detection (LOD) for U-DMAs=0.1 μg/L