Table 2. Estimated effects of measures of peripheral blood total or integrated HIV-1 DNA on anti-HIV antibody responsesa.
| Total HIV-1 DNA | ||||||
| rtPCR (CD4) | ddPCR (PBMC) | ddPCR (rCD4) | ||||
| (N = 46) | (N = 20) | (N = 11) | ||||
| Antibody | Fold-changeb | Pc | Fold-change | P | Fold-change | P |
| GP120 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 0.75 | 1.06 (0.93, 1.2) | 0.35 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.29) | 0.35 |
| GP41 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.03) | 0.88 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.06) | 0.16 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.57 |
| RT | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 0.84 | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 0.13 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.89 |
| INT | 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) | 0.47 | 1.16 (0.98, 1.37) | 0.074 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.34) | 0.12 |
| PR | 0.94 (0.78, 1.14) | 0.51 | 1.37 (0.97, 1.95) | 0.070 | 1.28 (0.85, 1.93) | 0.21 |
| MA | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 0.60 | 0.90 (0.68, 1.19) | 0.46 | 0.92 (0.68, 1.25) | 0.56 |
| CA | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) | 0.18 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) | 0.42 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) | 0.20 |
| Integrated HIV-1DNA | ||||||
| Alu-LTR PCR (CD4) | Alu-LTR PCR (PBMC) | Alu-gag PCR (rCD4) | ||||
| (N = 46) | (N = 12) | (N = 10) | ||||
| Antibody | Fold-changeb | Pc | Fold-change | P | Fold-change | P |
| GP120 | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 0.24 | 1.03 (0.78, 1.36) | 0.83 | 0.88 (0.59, 1.30) | 0.47 |
| GP41 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 0.98 | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.97 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 0.55 |
| RT | 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) | 0.23 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 0.52 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.20) | 0.79 |
| INT | 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) | 0.83 | 0.98 (0.66, 1.46) | 0.90 | 0.72 (0.40, 1.32) | 0.25 |
| PR | 1.19 (0.95, 1.47) | 0.12 | 1.46 (0.63, 3.40) | 0.34 | 0.89 (0.24, 3.29) | 0.84 |
| MA | 1.11 (0.89, 1.37) | 0.34 | 0.68 (0.39, 1.19) | 0.16 | 0.35 (0.20, 0.64) | 0.003 |
| CA | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | 0.70 | 0.77 (0.45, 1.32) | 0.30 | 0.49 (0.24, 1.01) | 0.053 |
Abbreviations: GP120 = envelope glycoprotein 120; GP41 = envelope glycoprotein 41; RT = reverse transcriptase; INT = integrase; PR = protease; MA = matrix; CA = capsid; rtPCR = reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR); LTR = long terminal repeat; Gag = HIV-1 Gag protein; ddPCR = droplet digital PCR; Alu PCR = PCR using a primer in an Alu element to detect integrated HIV-1 DNA; rCD4 = resting CD4+ T cells; PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Associations with P<0.05 are highlighted in bold font.
a Linear regressions of log2anti-HIV antibody levels. Note: outcome measures are shown in the rows in the left column while predictor variables are shown in columns.
b Fold-change in anti-HIV antibody responses per two fold-change in the HIV reservoir measure.
c Bonferroni-adjusted significance cutoff would be P < 0.00045, after adjustment for 112 assessments of association.