(A) The apoptotic morphology of EVO-treated 786-O, ACHN, and Caki-1 cells. These cells were treated with or without EVO (4 μM) in the presence or absence of SP or GSK (20 μM) for 12 h, and the morphology of cells was observed by Giemsa staining under microscopy. (B) SP and GSK inhibited EVO-induced cell death and DNA ladders in 786-O and ACHN cells. Human RCC cells 786-O and ACHN were treated as described in (A), and viability of cells and DNA integrity were analyzed by MTT assay (upper panel) and agarose electrophoresis (lower panel), respectively. (C) SP and GSK inhibited EVO-induced cleavages of PARP protein and phosphorylated PERP protein in 786-O and ACHN cells. As described in (A), expression of PARP, pPERK, and α-TUB protein was examined by Western blotting using specific antibodies. Each data point was calculated from three triplicate groups, and data are displayed as the mean ± S.D. **p<0.01, significantly differs from the control (CON) groups.