Table 2. Characteristics of participants, by race/ethnicity, in MESA 2000–2012.
| Characteristic | Overall n=5,348 | NHW n=2,277 | CA n=676 | AA n=1,293 | HA n=1,102 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 61.9 (10.3) | 62.4 (10.3) | 61.8 (10.3) | 62.0 (10.2) | 60.7 (10.5) |
| Female, %a | 53.5 | 52.6 | 52.2 | 56.8 | 52.4 |
| Current smoking, % | 14.0 | 13.1 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 14.1 |
| Ideal cardiovascular diet score, 0-5b | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.9) |
| Current alcohol use, % | 58.3 | 73.4 | 31.8 | 52.7 | 49.9 |
| Education ≥bachelor's degree, % | 37.8 | 51.3 | 39.9 | 36.6 | 11.2 |
| Employed, % full time | 39.4 | 40.5 | 37.3 | 39.4 | 38.5 |
| Exercise, physical activity MET min/week | 1,603 (2,410) | 1,725 (2,348) | 1,156 (1,549) | 1,824 (2,992) | 1,365 (2,138) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.9 (5.3) | 27.5 (5.0) | 23.8 (3.3) | 29.7 (5.8) | 29.0 (4.7) |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 125 (21) | 123 (20) | 124 (22) | 131 (21) | 126 (22) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 72 (10) | 70 (10) | 72 (10) | 75 (10) | 72 (10) |
| eGFR CKD-EPI, ml min−1 1.73 m−2 | 78 (16) | 74 (14) | 80 (15) | 80 (17) | 80 (15) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l (mg/dl) | 5.1 (0.9), 195 (35) | 5.1 (0.9), 196 (35) | 5.0 (0.8), 193 (32) | 4.9 (0.9), 190 (36) | 5.2 (0.9), 199 (36) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l (mg/dl) | 5.00 (0.61), 89 (10) | 4.88 (0.56), 88 (10) | 5.10 (0.56), 91 (10) | 5.00 (0.61), 90 (11) | 5.05 (0.61), 91 (11) |
| Incident diabetesc | 11.1 (10.3, 12.1) | 8.3 (7.2, 9.5) | 11.6 (9.3, 14.5) | 12.3 (11.0, 15.0) | 15.3 (13.1, 17.8) |
| Baseline no. of ICH components | |||||
| Poor (0-1), % | 14.2 | 12.9 | 5.8 | 18.4 | 16.9 |
| Intermediate (2-3), % | 62.8 | 61.1 | 55.6 | 66.1 | 66.8 |
| Ideal (4-6), % | 23.0 | 26.0 | 38.6 | 15.5 | 16.3 |
| Baseline individual cardiovascular health components | |||||
| BP | |||||
| Poor, % | 24.1 | 20.3 | 23.2 | 30.9 | 24.8 |
| Intermediate, % | 38.6 | 38.1 | 32.8 | 44.9 | 35.8 |
| Ideal, % | 37.3 | 41.7 | 43.9 | 24.2 | 39.5 |
| BMI | |||||
| Poor, % | 28.5 | 25.7 | 4.1 | 40.9 | 34.8 |
| Intermediate, % | 40.2 | 40.5 | 29.6 | 38.8 | 47.4 |
| Ideal, % | 31.3 | 33.8 | 66.3 | 20.3 | 17.8 |
| Total cholesterol | |||||
| Poor, % | 9.6 | 10.0 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 12.3 |
| Intermediate, % | 42.9 | 46.6 | 38.8 | 40.2 | 40.7 |
| Ideal, % | 47.5 | 43.4 | 53.7 | 52.0 | 47.0 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Poor, % | 14.0 | 13.1 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 14.2 |
| Intermediate, % | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Ideal, % | 84.9 | 85.4 | 93.8 | 79.4 | 84.9 |
| Dietary intake | |||||
| Poor, % | 50.3 | 47.8 | 38.3 | 53.7 | 58.6 |
| Intermediate, % | 48.2 | 50.6 | 60.8 | 44.6 | 40.0 |
| Ideal, % | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.4 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Poor, % | 21.8 | 16.3 | 25.4 | 22.4 | 30.0 |
| Intermediate, % | 13.9 | 14.0 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 13.1 |
| Ideal, % | 64.3 | 69.7 | 59.2 | 64.0 | 56.9 |
Values are mean (SD) or percentages unless otherwise indicated
a
All comparisons p <0.001 except those that are not significant; p values calculated using χ2 (categorical variables), ANOVA (continuous variables) and logrank tests (incident diabetes)
b
Adapted for MESA, with 1 point given for: fruits and vegetables, ≥ 1.08 l (4.5 cups)/day; fish, two or more 98 g (3.5 ounce) servings per week (non-fried); fibre-rich whole grains, three or more 28 g (1 ounce)-equivalent servings/day; sodium, <1,500 mg/day; sugar-sweetened beverages, ≤l,884 kJ (1008 g)/week
c
Rate per 1,000 person-years (95% CI)
eGFR CKD-EPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration