Table 1.

Distribution of variables of interest by stage of physical impairment

Characteristics		None Mean (±SD)	UE impairment Mean (±SD)	LE impairment Mean (±SD)	Mobility limitation Mean (±SD)	P value
N		187	31	81	33	332
Age		65.0 (±9.18)	72.6 (±8.8)	73.2 (±7.5)	79.2 (±9.0)	<0.001
Female, %		65.2	64.5	76.5	78.8	0.160
Race, %	White, non-Hispanic	45.3	55.2	26.6	30.3	0.003
	Black, non-Hispanic	17.7	3.5	34.2	27.3
	Hispanic	37.1	41.4	39.2	42.4
BMI		27.8 (±5.4)	26.8 (±4.9)	29.0 (±5.9)	28.3 (±3.9)	0.252
Medical conditions		5.0 (±2.9)	5.3 (±2.7)	6.0 (±3.0)	5.9 (±3.3)	0.109
Depression		4.8 (±3.6)	5.5 (±3.6)	6.2 (±4.1)	5.6 (±4.8)	0.082
Visceral fat		11.3 (±3.9)	11.9 (±3.7)	12.9 (±4.2)	12.6 (±2.7)	0.022
Girth ratio		0.87 (±0.1)	0.91 (±0.1)	0.90 (±0.1)	0.89 (±0.1)	0.030
Muscle mass		103.4 (±23.1)	93.6 (±18.6)	97.4 (±20.1)	87.2 (±13.1)	<0.001
MoCA		24.1 (±4.5)	22.0 (±6.2)	20.5 (±5.3)	19.6 (±7.0)	<0.001

Abbreviations: UE=upper extremity; LE=lower extremity; SD=standard deviation; BMI=body mass index (weight/height2); MoCA=Montreal Cognitive Assessment (range: 0–30).

Notes: Likelihood of older age, muscle wasting, and poor cognitive performance increased with increasing mobility impairment. Girth ratio=abdominal girth/hip girth