Table 4.
Summary of compulsivity measures across disorders.
| Brain regions (Morris et al., 2015; Voon et al., 2015b) | AD | Obese + BED | Obese − BED | VG | CSB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exploration-exploitation (Morris et al., 2015) | Anterior PFC | + | + (Reward) | + (Loss) | –* | ? |
| Attentional set shifting | LPFC | + | + | – | –** | – |
| Goal-directed/ habit (Voon et al., 2015b) | DLPFC Medial OFC | + (early abstinence) | + | – | –* | ? |
| Reversal | OFC | + | + (Reward) | + (Loss) | + | – |
| Perseveration | ? | + (Loss) | + (feedback) independent; Voon et al. (2015b) + (Reward) | – | – | + (Reward) |
+ Represents enhanced compulsivity (i.e., decreased exploration/greater exploitation; impaired set shifting; decreased goal-directed/greater habit; impaired reversal; greater perseveration); – Represent no difference from comparator group. *Data not shown. **Reports data from one of our studies not yet published. We are not considering here other set shift studies. Abbreviations: AD, alcohol dependence; BED, binge eating disorder; VG, pathological video gaming; CSB, compulsive sexual behavior; PFC, prefrontal cortex; DL, dorsolateral; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex.