Table 1.
Relationship between lipophilicity and pharmacokinetic parameters for the 10 most used antimicrobial in cattle.
| Antimicrobials | Classes | Molecular weight | XLogP3-AA | Vss (L/kg) | Clearance (mL/kg/min) | Half-life (h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceftiofur | Cephalosporins | 523.56 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.55 | 7.00 |
| Danofloxacin | Fluoroquinolones | 357.38 | -0.30 | 2.48 | 8.30 | 4.01 |
| Enrofloxacin | Fluoroquinolones | 359.39 | -0.20 | 1.80 | 3.20 | 6.60 |
| Florfenicol | Amphenicols | 358.21 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 3.75 | 2.65 |
| Gamithromycin | Macrolides | 777.03 | 4.90 | 24.90 | 11.86 | 44.90 |
| Oxytetracycline | Tetracyclines | 460.43 | -1.60 | 0.79 | 1.88 | 5.66 |
| Tildipirosin | Macrolides | 734.01 | 4.30 | 21.80 | 2.40 | 238.00 |
| Tilmicosin | Macrolides | 869.13 | 3.60 | 28.20 | 11.40 | 28.00 |
| Trimethoprim | Diaminopyrimidine | 290.32 | 0.90 | 1.50 | 28.33 | 1.20 |
| Tulathromycin | Macrolides | 806.08 | 3.80 | 11.1 | 3.01 | 65 |
| Mean | 556.89 | 1.80 | 10.37 | 8.24 | 40.30 |
XlogP3 is the computed Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients (log P; Cheng et al., 2007) as given by PubMed ComPound; Vss: volume of distribution in steady-state condition. The 10 AMDs routinely used to treat bovine respiratory disease were listed by (O’Connor et al., 2013) they have a higher MW (557 ± 220) and are more lipophilic (log P = 1.8 ± 2.18) than those used in human medicine. The terminal half-life is positively correlated to the degree of lipophilicity with a coefficient of determination (R2) between lipophilicity and duration of half-of 0.37.