Table 2. Patient Characteristics by Benign (Non-Atypia) versus Malignant (Invasive Cancer) Disease Status.

Variable	Total (N = 28)	Invasive Cancer (n = 15)	Benign non-atypia (n = 13)	p-value1
Age				0.001
Median (Range)	60 (33–84)	75 (44–84)	49 (33–70)
Menopausal status, n (%)				0.02
Pre-menopause	8 (28.6%)	2 (13.3%)	6 (46.2%)
Peri-menopause	2 (7.1%)	0	2 (15.4%)
Post-menopause	18 (64.3%)	13 (86.7%)	5 (38.5%)
BMI category, n (%)				0.17
18.5–24.9	6 (21.4%)	4 (26.7%)	2 (15.4%)
25–29.9	13 (46.4%)	8 (53.3%)	5 (38.5%)
≥30	9 (32.1%)	3 (20.0%)	6 (46.2%)
Smoking status, n (%)				0.28
Former smoker	10 (35.7%)	4 (26.7%)	6 (46.2%)
Never smoker	18 (64.3%)	11 (73.3%)	7 (53.8%)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)				0.63
No	25 (89.3%)	13 (86.7%)	12 (92.3%)
Yes, NIDDM	3 (10.7%)	2 (13.3%)	1 (7.7%)
Prior ipsilateral breast surgery, n (%)				0.26
No	27 (96.4%)	14 (93.3%)	13 (100%)
Yes	1 (3.6%)	1 (6.7%)	0
Parity, n (%)				0.76
0	4 (14.3%)	2 (13.3%)	2 (15.4%)
1–3	19 (67.9%)	10 (66.7%)	9 (69.2%)
>3	5 (17.9%)	3 (20.0%)	2 (15.4%)
Breastfed ever, n (%)				1.0
No	12 (57.1%)	8 (57.1%)	4 (57.1%)
Yes	9 (42.9%)	6 (42.9%)	3 (42.9%)
Missing	7	1	6
Family history of breast cancer, n (%)				0.49
No	17 (60.7%)	10 (66.7%)	7 (53.8%)
Yes	11 (39.3%)	5 (33.3%)	6 (46.2%)
Distance of specimen from nipple, n (%)				0.53
≤2 cm	4 (14.3%)	2 (13.3%)	2 (15.4%)
>2 cm and ≤5 cm	11 (39.3%)	5 (33.3%)	6 (46.2%)
>5 cm	13 (46.4%)	8 (53.3%)	5 (38.5%)
Time from incision to sample collection, minutes
Median (range)	69 (30–206)	82 (54–206)	52 (30–72)	<0.0001

¹P-value was calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables, chi-square tests for nominal variables, and Cochran-Armitage trend tests for ordinal variables.