Table 2.
Effects on outcomes after six and 12 months of follow-up for both treatment groups according to the intention-to-treat principle
| Short-stay | Long-stay | Crude | Adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Beta (95 % CI) | Beta (95 % CI) | |
| Primary outcome measure | ||||
| SDS-BMI | ||||
| Baseline | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.4) | ||
| 6-months | 3.1 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.6) | 0.22 (0.09; 0.35) | 0.23 (0.09; 0.36) |
| 12-months | 3.1 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.7) | 0.18 (−0.03; 0.40) | 0.18 (−0.04; 0.40) |
| Overall effecta | 0.10 (−0.11; 0.31) | 0.15 (−0.06; 0.35) | ||
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| SDS-waist circumference | ||||
| Baseline | 3.2 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.4) | ||
| 6-months | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.5 (0.5) | 0.13 (−0.03; 0.30) | 0.12 (−0.05; 0.30) |
| 12-months | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.7) | 0.08 (−0.18; 0.34) | 0.02 (−0.23; 0.27) |
| Overall effecta | 0.14 (−0.07; 0.35) | 0.15 (−0.07; 0.37) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Baseline | 122.7 (12.3) | 121.1 (13.4) | ||
| 6-months | 117.1 (13.9) | 116.7 (13.4) | −0.63 (−4.73; 3.48) | 0.17 (−3.98; 4.33) |
| 12-months | 118.4 (11.2) | 120.0 (15.3) | −2.84 (−7.27; 1.60) | −2.25 (−6.95; 2.45) |
| Overall effecta | 0.59 (−4.65; 5.82) | 0.44 (−4.86; 5.75) | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Baseline | 75.7 (9.9) | 78.0 (12.3) | ||
| 6-months | 68.5 (7.9) | 68.3 (11.2) | 1.49 (−2.04; 5.02) | 0.47 (−3.17; 4.11) |
| 12-months | 68.6 (8.1) | 67.1 (12.0) | 3.02 (−0.72; 6.76) | 2.35 (−1.64; 6.34) |
| Overall effecta | −0.42 (−4.40, 3.56) | −1.21 (−5.21, 2.80) | ||
| Fasting insulin (μU/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 13.8 (9.3) | 14.6 (9,5) | ||
| 6-months | 11.9 (9.3) | 12.9 (10.8) | −0.98 (−4.50; 2.55) | −1.41 (−5.20; 2.39) |
| 12-months | 11.7 (9.1) | 14.1 (10.1) | −1.27 (−4.25; 1.70) | −2.15 (−5.39; 1.09) |
| Overall effecta | −1.10 (−3.60; 1.40) | −2.30 (−5.75; 1.16) | ||
| 2 h-insulin (μU/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 70.7 (49.9) | 60.8 (36.8) | ||
| 6-months | 63.0 (56.9) | 52.4 (37.7) | 1.16 (−17.21; 19.52) | −0.80 (−19.82; 18.22) |
| 12-months | 67.9 (47.4) | 65.3 (54.5) | −0.54 (−23.38; 22.48) | −2.89 (−26.49; 20.71) |
| Overall effecta | 0.65 (−15.50; 16.80) | 1.86 (−13.59; 17.31) | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 4.7 (0.4) | 4.7 (0.3) | ||
| 6-months | 4.8 (0.4) | 4.8 (0.3) | 0.03 (−0.11; 0.16) | 0.02 (−0.13; 0.16) |
| 12-months | 4.8 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.3) | −0.06 (−0.19; 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.13; 0.12) |
| Overall effecta | −0.04 (−0.16; 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.14; 0.10) | ||
| 2 h-glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 6.0 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.1) | ||
| 6-months | 5.4 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.0) | −0.02 (−0.47; 0.42) | −0.02 (−0.51; 0.47) |
| 12-months | 5.8 (1.1) | 5.3 (1.4) | 0.32 (−0.24; 0.87) | 0.29 (−0.32; 0.89) |
| Overall effecta | 0.35 (−0.06; 0.77) | 0.35 (−0.07; 0.76) | ||
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | ||
| 6-months | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.04 (−0.02; 0.11) | 0.04 (−0.03; 0.11) |
| 12-months | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | −0.07 (−0.17; 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.14; 0.07) |
| Overall effecta | 0.07 (−0.03; 0.17) | 0.09 (−0.02; 0.20) | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.5) | ||
| 6-months | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.09 (−0.14, 0.31) | 0.04 (−0.15, 0.22) |
| 12-months | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.7) | 0.09 (−0.18, 0.35) | 0.04 (−0.22, 0.29) |
| Overall effecta | 0.09 (−0.18, 0.37) | 0.06 (−0.17, 0.29) | ||
| HOMA-IR | ||||
| Baseline | 2.9 (2.0) | 3.1 (2.1) | ||
| 6-months | 2.5 (2.0) | 2.8 (2.4) | −0.17 (−0.96; 0.61) | −0.26 (−1.11; 0.59) |
| 12-months | 2.5 (2.0) | 3.1 (2.4) | −0.33 (−1.02, 0.37) | −0.44 (−1.17, 0.30) |
| Overall effecta | −0.31 (−1.11; 0.49) | −0.52 (−1.28; 0.25) | ||
Adjusted models corrected for baseline, sex, ethnicity, and economic status
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation, SDS-BMI standard deviation of body mass index, SDS-waist circumferencestandard deviation of waist circumference, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance
aOverall effect can be interpreted as the average difference over time between the two treatment groups