Table 1.

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

• Healthy subjects of any sex, age, and ethnicity • Nondominant proximal anterior forearm is wide enough to ensure reproducible placement of light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) phototherapy or mock therapy hand-held unit • Available and willing to attend all clinic visits • Able and willing to give informed consent

• Subjects on any photosensitizing medications (i.e. lithium, melatonin, phenothiazine antipsychotics, antibiotics) • Subjects with light-sensitive conditions • Subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) • Subjects with a history of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or melanoma • Subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) • Subjects with any other medical condition that could be compromised by exposure to the proposed procedure • Subjects with open wounds on the nondominant proximal anterior forearm • Subjects with fibrotic skin disease or other skin conditions on the nondominant proximal anterior forearm • Subjects with tattoos that cover the procedure site on the nondominant proximal anterior forearm