Table 2.
Logistic regression analyses to investigate demographic and social determinants associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 seropositivity
| HSV-1 | HSV-2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childrena | Adultsa | Adultsa | ||||
| OR [95 % CI]b | aOR [95 % CI] | OR [95 % CI]b | aOR [95 % CI] | OR [95 % CI]b | aOR [95 % CI] | |
| Pienter | ||||||
| Pienter-1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Pienter-2 | 0.69 [0.55-0.86] | 0.68 [0.54-0.85] | 0.79 [0.66-0.94] | 0.80 [0.67-0.96] | 0.94 [0.71-1.25] | 0.90 [0.68-1.21] |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Women | 1.28 [1.09-1.51] | 1.32 [1.12-1.56] | 1.22 [1.07-1.40] | 1.20 [1.04-1.37] | 1.46 [1.22-1.74] | 1.46 [1.22-1.75] |
| Age (continuously) | 1.21 [1.18-1.23] | 1.23 [1.20-1.26] | 1.06 [1.05-1.07] | 1.05 [1.04-1.06] | 1.05 [1.04-1.07] | 1.04 [1.03-1.06] |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Native Dutch | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Western, other | 1.01 [0.64-1.59] | 1.03 [0.66-1.62] | 1.35 [1.06-1.70] | 1.42 [1.12-1.80] | 1.23 [0.85-1.78] | 1.21 [0.84-1.76] |
| Moroccan/Turkish | 4.02 [2.80-5.78] | 4.00 [2.74-5.83] | 15.80 [8.15-30.64] | 16.30 [8.15-32.61] | 0.78 [0.35-1.72] | 0.84 [0.37-1.92] |
| Surinamese/Aruban/Antillean | 2.24 [1.67-3.01] | 2.55 [1.89-3.43] | 2.46 [1.52-4.00] | 2.74 [1.69-4.46] | 1.85 [1.01-3.37] | 2.02 [1.11-3.66] |
| Non-Western, other | 2.45 [1.75-3.42] | 2.60 [1.78-3.78] | 4.47 [2.65-7.56] | 4.79 [2.74-8.37] | 1.87 [1.05-3.30] | 1.98 [1.12-3.49] |
| Generation of migrantc | ||||||
| Native Dutch | Ref. | - | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
| 1st generation | 3.29 [2.36-4.57] | - | 4.84 [3.49-6.70] | - | 1.59 [1.11-2.28] | - |
| 2nd generation | 1.94 [1.48-2.53] | - | 1.38 [1.04-1.83] | - | 1.05 [0.68-1.62] | - |
| Degree of urbanization | ||||||
| Very high | 1.12 [0.85-1.48] | 1.16 [0.89-1.50] | 0.90 [0.74-1.08] | 0.97 [0.81-1.15] | 1.07 [0.75-1.52] | 1.04 [0.73-1.48] |
| Less high | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Education leveld | ||||||
| Moderate or low | 1.43 [1.16-1.77] | 1.44 [1.16-1.80] | 1.26 [1.07-1.47] | 1.23 [1.05-1.45] | 0.69 [0.55-0.88] | 0.70 [0.55-0.89] |
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Unknown | 2.06 [1.19-3.57] | 1.53 [0.79-2.98] | 1.35 [0.67-2.70] | 1.80 [0.85-3.82] | 1.10 [0.43-2.85] | 1.14 [0.41-3.12] |
| Household | ||||||
| 1-2 persons | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | - | - |
| 3-4 persons | 1.58 [0.84-2.95] | 1.57 [0.84-2.93] | 1.17 [1.02-1.34] | 1.14 [0.99-1.31] | - | - |
| > = 5 persons | 1.64 [0.86-3.13] | 1.69 [0.89-3.20] | 1.08 [0.89-1.30] | 1.10 [0.90-1.34] | - | - |
| Unknown | 3.94 [2.17-7.16] | 3.94 [1.93-8.04] | 1.15 [0.65-2.03] | 2.04 [1.03-4.04] | - | - |
| Child in household attending day care | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | - | - |
| Yes | 0.95 [0.71-1.28] | 0.95 [0.71-1.26] | 1.17 [0.98-1.41] | 1.14 [0.94-1.39] | - | - |
| Unknown | 1.41 [0.95-2.08] | 1.20 [0.58-2.50] | 0.48 [0.29-0.78] | 0.33 [0.18-0.58] | - | - |
| Child attending day care | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.41 [1.07-1.85] | 1.50 [1.12-2.01] | - | - | - | - |
| Unknown | 1.31 [0.87-1.97] | 0.79 [0.36-1.73] | - | - | - | - |
| Ever had sexual intercourse | ||||||
| No | - | - | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | - | - | 1.63 [1.29-2.06] | 1.69 [1.33-2.16] | 2.47 [1.28-4.74] | 2.35 [1.23-4.52] |
| Unknown | - | - | 1.38 [0.98-1.95] | 1.39 [0.97-1.99] | 2.43 [1.13-5.22] | 2.22 [1.03-4.81] |
Logistic regression analyses were unweighted, corrected for the complex survey design
In bold: OR is statistically significant (p < 0.05)
HSV herpes simplex virus; OR odds ratio; aOR adjusted odds ratio; CI confidence interval; Ref reference
aChildren were aged 6 months to 11 years and adults were aged 17 – 44 years in Pienter-1 and 15 – 44 years in Pienter-2
bOR adjusted for: gender, age, ethnicity and degree of urbanization
cNot adjusted for ethnicity and not included in multivariable analyses
dFor children, the education level of the parents was used