Fig. 6.

Effect of chronic metformin treatment on TBC1D4 Thr⁶⁴² and Ser⁷¹¹ phosphorylations in soleus and EDL muscles from WT and AMPK KD mice. Filled and open bars represent results from muscles incubated with or without insulin (10,000 μU/ml), respectively (A–D). Gray bars without and with hatches show results from saline- and metformin-treated mice, respectively (E). A: Thr⁶⁴² phosphorylation in basal and insulin-stimulated soleus muscles from metformin- or saline-treated WT and AMPK KD mice. B: Ser⁷¹¹ phosphorylation in basal and insulin-stimulated soleus muscles from metformin- or saline-treated WT and AMPK KD mice. C: Thr⁶⁴² phosphorylation in basal and insulin-stimulated EDL muscles from metformin- or saline-treated WT and AMPK KD mice. D: Ser⁷¹¹ phosphorylation in basal and insulin-stimulated EDL muscles from metformin- or saline-treated WT and AMPK KD mice. E: Δ values (insulin-basal) of insulin-stimulated Ser⁷¹¹ phosphorylation in EDL muscles from metformin- or saline-treated WT mice. *Significant difference between basal and insulin-stimulated TBC1D4 phosphorylation (main effect, P < 0.01); ‡significant difference between genotypes (main effect, P < 0.01); #interaction between insulin and genotype (P < 0.01); (#)tendency for an interaction between insulin and genotype (P = 0.08, power = 0.4); n = 10. Values are means ± SE.