Fig. 4.

Protein level of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators and mtDNA level in the liver of rats chronically fed alcohol for 5 mo. A: immunoblot bands of p-AMPK, AMPK, PGC1α, NRF1, and TFAM. B: immunohistochemical staining of p-AMPK, PGC1α, NRF1, and TFAM proteins. Arrows indicate positive staining. C: fold change of immunohistochemical staining intensity. The quantification was conducted by Image J. D: mtDNA level was measured with NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Data are expressed as means ± SD from 6 rats. Statistical difference (*P < 0.05) was analyzed by Student's t-test.