Table 1.

Participant group characteristics.

Measure	Group with DLI		Group with TL		d a
	M (SD)	Minimum–maximum	M (SD)	Minimum–maximum
n	21		23
Age	22.4 (2.0)	18–27	21.5 (1.8)	18–25	.47
Years of education	13.1 (1.1)	11–14	14.5* (0.9)	14–16	1.39
Performance IQ	97.5 (7.9)	86–121	113.7* (10.0)	94–131	1.80
Modified Token Test	70.4 (17.1)	25–98	91.3* (5.1)	77–100	1.66
Spelling	3.7 (2.2)	0–7	11.4* (1.9)	9–15	3.75
Word Definitions	7.7 (3.3)	3–13	13.1* (1.5)	9–15	2.11

Note. The performance IQ is calculated from the Picture Completion, Digit Symbol Coding, and Matrix Reasoning subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (Wechsler, 1997) using the approach from Sattler and Ryan (1999). The Modified Token Test (de Renzi & Faglioni, 1978; Morice & McNicol, 1985) scores are the group mean percentage correct. Spelling is the number of words spelled correctly of the 15 words presented from Fidler, Plante, and Vance (2011). Word Definitions is the group mean standard score for the subtest from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition (Semel et al., 2003). DLI, developmental language impairment; TL, typical language.

^a Effect size of the group mean difference.

^* p < .05 for group mean difference.