Figure 5. 3D structures inspired by origami and kirigami concepts, through uses of creases and/or cuts.

(a) 2D precursors, FEA predictions and optical images for two folding structures, transformed from kirigami designs with uniform thicknesses. (b) Similar results for two structures that involve not only folding but also twisting, also transformed from kirigami designs with uniform thicknesses. (c) and (d) Similar results for four origami structures, transformed from designs with combined uses of cuts and creases (through non-uniform thicknesses). (e) and (f) Two highly complex 3D structures: a ‘Ziggurat’ architecture, and a three-floor building with textured steps. Scale bars, 20 mm.