Table 2.
Total dry mass (mg; mean ± SE) of male and female L. megera and P. aegeria butterflies that developed at the sites of origin (i.e., reference) and in subplots (200 × 200 m) characterized by three levels of urbanization. The number of measured individuals (N) is indicated between brackets
| L. megera | P. aegeria – Agricultural ecotype | P. aegeria – Woodland ecotype | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males | |||
| Sites of origin |
22.2 ± 0.7 (N = 20) |
12.6 ± 1.4 (N = 6) |
14.8 ± 1.0 (N = 9) |
| Rural |
17.2 ± 0.9 (N = 18) |
16.7 ± 0.7 (N = 29) |
15.6 ± 0.8 (N = 24) |
| Semiurban |
17.0 ± 0.9 (N = 27) |
12.9 ± 1.1 (N = 13) |
15.2 ± 0.6 (N = 21) |
| Urban |
19.4 ± 0.6 (N = 33) |
15.9 ± 0.7 (N = 24) |
16.8 ± 1.2 (N = 14) |
| Females | |||
| Sites of origin |
32.3 ± 1.1 (N = 13) |
18.1 ± 1.7 (N = 8) |
19.7 ± 1.1 (N = 13) |
| Rural |
25.9 ± 1.4 (N = 12) |
22.8 ± 1.0 (N = 16) |
22.4 ± 1.1 (N = 17) |
| Semiurban |
28.1 ± 1.1 (N = 17) |
20.7 ± 1.1 (N = 17) |
20.7 ± 1.1 (N = 22) |
| Urban |
28.0 ± 1.2 (N = 24) |
22.9 ± 0.9 (N = 14) |
20.6 ± 1.0 (N = 24) |