CEP1 effect on nodulation and LRs depends on CRA2 and the cra2 nodulation phenotype is counteracted by AVG. A, LR and B, nodule number formed on wild-type and cra2 plants with or without MtCEP1. Due to the variability of A. rhizogenes composite plant root system architecture, the LR phenotype was assessed on MtCEP1 peptide-treated 7-d-old seedlings, whereas the nodulation phenotype was determined in MtCEP1 overexpressing roots compared to the empty vector control, 15 d after S. meliloti inoculation (n > 20). C, LR and D, nodule number of wild-type and cra2 plants with or without AVG (1 μm). The LR phenotype was assessed 7 d posttreatment, and nodulation 15 d after S. meliloti inoculation (n > 20). In all graphs, error bars represent confidence intervals (α = 0.05), and a Kruskal-Wallis test (α < 0.05) was performed to identify significant differences, indicated by letters.