Period | |||
---|---|---|---|
The age of exploration: 1960–1975’ |
Higher education “just says ‘no’”: 1975–1990 |
Better than coffee? The new wave of drugs in academe: 1990–present’ |
|
Collegiate drug use prevalence in the US | Limited reporting: | National longitudinal study (MTF, all %s below report past-year use prevalence in 1980):129
|
(MTF past-year use prevalence % in 2011):130
|
Collegiate use motives of most concern in literature132 | Primarily recreational | Primarily recreational | Recreational, but increasingly functional |
Emergent, newly synthesised, or newly popularised drugs in collegiate populations | Marijuana, LSD, psilocybin | MDMA, cocaine, crack | Prescription stimulants, opioids, sedatives; salvia divinorum; synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones |
Environment for human subject research involving recreational or controlled substances133 | Open, exploratory | Prohibitive | Controlled |
Examples of institutions supporting drug research on human subjects | Harvard Psychedelic & Psilocybin Insts. (psilocybin, LSD);134 UC Irvine (Dr Oscar Janiger’s LSD study)135 | Very few involving controlled substances, (especially hallucinogens and drugs used recreationally by youths) | Many involving psilocybin, MDMA, salvia divinorum, etc. at institutions including Johns Hopkins University; University of Arizona; NYU, etc.136 |
Notable changes in US drug policy | 1965–1972: Drug Abuse Control Amendments; 1973: Drug Enforcement Agency | 1986: Anti Drug Abuse Act (mandatory minimums) | 1995–present: state-by-state cannabis use exemptions |