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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: Hist Educ. 2014 Dec 17;44(1):25–43. doi: 10.1080/0046760X.2014.979251
Period

The age of exploration:
1960–1975’
Higher education
“just says ‘no’”:
1975–1990
Better than coffee?
The new wave of
drugs in academe:
1990–present’
Collegiate drug use prevalence in the US Limited reporting:
  • 20–25% marijuana prevalence127

  • 2–11% LSD prevalence;128 collegiate amphetamine (amph) prevalence unknown

National longitudinal study (MTF, all %s below report past-year use prevalence in 1980):129
  • 51.2% marijuana

  • 6% LSD

  • 22.4% amph (6.2% in 1988)

  • 90.5% alcohol

(MTF past-year use prevalence % in 2011):130
  • 33.2% marijuana

  • 3.4% any hallucinogen

  • 12.3% stimulant medications (up to 35% according to independent estimates131)

  • 77.4% alcohol

Collegiate use motives of most concern in literature132 Primarily recreational Primarily recreational Recreational, but increasingly functional
Emergent, newly synthesised, or newly popularised drugs in collegiate populations Marijuana, LSD, psilocybin MDMA, cocaine, crack Prescription stimulants, opioids, sedatives; salvia divinorum; synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones
Environment for human subject research involving recreational or controlled substances133 Open, exploratory Prohibitive Controlled
Examples of institutions supporting drug research on human subjects Harvard Psychedelic & Psilocybin Insts. (psilocybin, LSD);134 UC Irvine (Dr Oscar Janiger’s LSD study)135 Very few involving controlled substances, (especially hallucinogens and drugs used recreationally by youths) Many involving psilocybin, MDMA, salvia divinorum, etc. at institutions including Johns Hopkins University; University of Arizona; NYU, etc.136
Notable changes in US drug policy 1965–1972: Drug Abuse Control Amendments; 1973: Drug Enforcement Agency 1986: Anti Drug Abuse Act (mandatory minimums) 1995–present: state-by-state cannabis use exemptions