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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2015 Jul 30;28(3):224–233. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.021

Figure 1. Contributions of AVP signaling to heart failure (HF).

Figure 1

AVP stimulates vasopressin type 2 receptors (V2R) on renal tubules, leading to the formation and insertion of aquaporin channels on the apical surface of collecting duct cells, which increases and water retention and may cause or exacerbate hyponatremia. Stimulation of vasopressin type 1A receptors (V1AR) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) leads to vasoconstriction and increases afterload on the heart. Additionally, V1AR in the central nervous system (CNS) alter the baroreceptor response. Signaling via cardiac V1AR on cardiomyocytes (CM) and cardiac fibroblasts (CF) leads to increased cardiac hypertrophy and dilation and fibrosis, respectively.