Table 2.
Effects of the LINKAGE Intervention on Patient Activation and Patient Engagement in Health Care
| Variable | 1–6 wk | wk 7 to 6-mo Follow-up | Measure (95% CI) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| LINKAGE | Usual Care | LINKAGE | Usual Care | |||
|
| ||||||
| Among the full sample | (n = 252) | (n = 251) | (n = 225) | (n = 230) | ||
| Patient activation, No. (%) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Having a PAM score increase of ≥3 points | NA | NA | 129 (57.3) | 116 (50.4) | 1.32(0.91 to 1.91)a | .14 |
|
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| Patient engagement in health care | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Patient portal use per month, mean (SD) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days to kp.org | 2.4 (2.7) | 1.1 (2.0)b | 1.7 (2.4) | 1.1 (1.7)b | 1.53 (1.19 to 1.97)c | .001d |
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days for medical advice | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.4 (0.9)b | 0.6 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.8)e | 1.55 (1.13 to 2.11)c | .006 |
|
| ||||||
| No. of messages sent by health care professional | 1.2 (1.9) | 0.7 (1.7)e | 1.1 (1.9) | 0.8 (1.2)e | 1.45 (1.08 to 1.94)c | .02 |
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days for laboratory test results review | 0.8 (1.2) | 0.2 (0.5)b | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.4)e | 1.92 (1.43 to 2.56)c | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days for laboratory test information review | 1.0 (1.4) | 0.3 (0.7)b | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.6)e | 1.89 (1.43 to 2.51)c | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Talked with PCP about AOD problems at 6-mo follow-up, No./total No. (%)f | NA | NA | 134/190 (70.5) | 103/202 (51.0)b | 2.30 (1.52 to 3.49)a | <.001d |
|
| ||||||
| Addiction treatment length of stay, mean (SD), d | NA | NA | 79.3 (65.7) | 70.9 (64.6) | 8.42 (−3.57 to 20.42)f | .17 |
|
| ||||||
| Among the subsample with psychiatric comorbidity | (n = 197) | (n = 198) | (n = 172) | (n = 182) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Patient activation, No. (%) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Having a PAM score increase of ≥3 points | NA | NA | 104 (60.5) | 92 (50.6)h | 1.50 (0.98 to 2.28)a | .06 |
|
| ||||||
| Patient engagement in health care | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Patient portal use per month, mean (SD) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days to kp.org | 2.6 (2.9) | 1.1 (1.9)b | 1.8 (2.5) | 1.2 (1.8)e | 1.55 (1.18 to 2.04)c | .003d |
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days for medical advice | 0.8 (1.2) | 0.4 (1.0)b | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.4 (0.8)e | 1.59 (1.13 to 2.24)c | .009 |
|
| ||||||
| No. of messages sent by health care professional | 1.3 (2.0) | 0.8 (1.7)e | 1.2 (2.0) | 0.8 (1.3)h | 1.44 (1.04 to 2.00)c | .03 |
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days for laboratory test results review | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.3 (0.6)b | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | 1.94 (1.40 to 2.69)c | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| No. of log-in days for laboratory test information review | 1.0 (1.5) | 0.3 (0.8)b | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.6)e | 1.95 (1.42 to 2.67)c | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Talked with PCP about AOD problems at 6-mo follow-up, No./total No.f | NA | NA | 99/144 (68.8) | 92/159 (57.9)e | 1.60 (1.00 to 2.57)a | .05 |
|
| ||||||
| Addiction treatment length of stay, mean (SD), d | NA | NA | 80.8 (65.7) | 71.8 (66.3) | 9.06 (−4.75 to 22.87)g | .20 |
Abbreviations: AOD, alcohol and other drug; NA, not applicable; PAM, Patient Activation Measure; PCP, primary care physician.
a
Odds ratio from the logistic regression model.
b
P < .001.
c
Relative risk from the generalized estimating equation Poisson regression model.
d
P values from analyses with Bonferroni corrections are also significant.
e
P < .05.
f
The question was asked only among those who had a Kaiser Permanente health care professional whom the patient considered to be his or her regular or personal physician or nurse practitioner.
g
Mean difference from the general liner regression model.
h
P < .10.