Table 1.
Characteristics of adult participants without diagnosed DM in NHANES 2009–12 (N=9391)
| Predictors included in the ADA and CDC scores | Mean (standard error) or Percentage |
|---|---|
| Age, year | 45.9 (0.48) |
| Men | 47.8% |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.3 (0.12) |
| 25–30 (overweight) | 34.3% |
| 30–40 (obese) | 27.3% |
| ≥ 40 (extreme obese) | 5.2% |
| Overweight (self-report) | 57.3% |
| Waist circumference, cm - Women | 94.7 (0.36) |
| Men | 100.0 (0.45) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122.9 (0.38) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73.0 (0.39) |
| Hypertension | 34.8% |
| Family history of DM | 32.8% |
| Physically active | 45.0% |
| Having a baby >9 pounds (women only) | 11.4% |
| Gestational diabetes (women only) | 3.9% |
| Outcomes-related | |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L, n=4290 | 5.5 (0.02) |
| A1C, % or mmol/mol, n=9380 | 5.5 (0.01) or 36.3 (0.10) |
| 2-hour glucose, mmol/L, n=3883 | 6.4 (0.05) |
| Diabetes status: Normal/preDM/DM by fasting glucose only |
57.5/38.9/3.6% |
| by A1C only | 72.7/25.0/2.3% |
| by 2-hour glucose only | 80.8/13.8/5.5% |
| by glucose/A1C/2-hour glucose* | 45.4/47.7/6.9% |
| PreDM told by doctor | 4.5% |
Adult participants are those of 20 years old or older.
Those with missing outcomes data (i.e., all of fasting glucose, A1C and 2-hour glucose) were excluded.
Fasting glucose and 2-hour glucose were collected from subsamples.
All summary statistics were weighted with interview, medical exam, fasting or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) sample weight.
Sample sizes, total N and n, were unweighted.
OGTT weight was used to estimate the prevalence more validly, following the NHANES analytic guidelines. When medical exam weight or no weight was used, which can include larger N, prevalence turns out to be 60.0/35.5/4.5% and 55.0/38.5/6.4%, respectively.
DM denotes type 2 diabetes mellitus.