Fig. 1.

Cigarette smoke exposure leads to an increase in pulmonary antibodies with affinity for oxidized LDL. Female 6–8 week old mice were exposed to room air (RA) or cigarette smoke (CS) for 1 h, twice a day, 5 days a week for 4 days, 8 weeks, or 24 weeks. Levels of total immunoglobulins with affinity for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) were measured by direct ELISA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a BALB/c, b C57BL/6, and c A/J mice. d Isotypes were measured by ELISA in the BALF of BALB/c mice exposed for 24 weeks to RA or CS using isotype specific secondary antibodies. Data represent mean ± SEM; n = 4–5/group; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001