Table 1. Distribution of various characteristics of Moli-sani participants according to BMI group.
| N=14 402 |
Women (N=7216) |
Men (N=7186) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under/normal weighta (N=2643) | Overweight (N=2575) | Obese (N=1998) | P-valueb | Under/normal weighta (N=1479) | Overweight (N=3621) | Obese (N=2086) | P-valueb | |
| Age (years) | 49 (10) | 54 (11) | 57 (11) | <0.001 | 52 (12) | 53 (11) | 55 (11) | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic status (score 0–8) | 3.89 (1.38) | 3.40 (1.34) | 3.11 (1.31) | <0.001 | 3.67 (1.40) | 3.53 (1.36) | 3.37 (1.32) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity level (Mets-hour) | 42.5 (7.1) | 43.0 (8.1) | 43.3 (8.9) | 0.002 | 44.3 (9.8) | 44.5 (10.5) | 44.3 (10.6) | 0.65 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.5 (7.7) | 91.5 (7.9) | 105 (10.3) | <0.001 | 86.7 (5.9) | 95.5 (5.7) | 108 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 95.4 (4.9) | 103 (5.2) | 114 (9.2) | <0.001 | 96.0 (4.6) | 102 (4.8) | 110 (7.2) | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.84 (0.07) | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.92 (0.08) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.05) | 0.94 (0.05) | 0.98 (0.05) | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal per day) | 2070 (551) | 1998 (533) | 1964 (542) | <0.001 | 2417 (664) | 2398 (645) | 2451 (707) | 0.02 |
| Adherence to MeD (Italian score 0–11) | 3.97 (1.79) | 3.95 (1.74) | 3.94 (1.72) | 0.85 | 3.72 (1.76) | 3.80 (1.74) | 3.95 (1.74) | <0.001 |
| Pasta (grams per day) | 57.3 (30.4) | 57.1 (28.9) | 59.2 (30.8) | 0.03 | 75.6 (39.1) | 75.1 (37.9) | 78.5 (39.5) | 0.004 |
| Pasta (g kcal−1 of daily energy intake) | 0.028 | 0.029 | 0.031 | <0.001 | 0.0318 | 0.0317 | 0.0325 | 0.13 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
a
The number of underweight individuals was very low and did not affect the means of normal weight individuals (i.e., <1% of total population).
b
P-value derived through comparisons of continuous characteristics between BMI groups using one-way analysis of variance F-test and results are presented as mean (standard deviation).