Table 4. Distribution of various characteristics of women and men INHES participants according to BMI groupa.
| N=8964 |
Women (N=4782) |
Men (N=4182) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under/normal weight (N=2723)b | Overweight (N=1458) | Obese (N=601) | P-valuec | Under/normal weight (N=1622)b | Overweight (N=1952) | Obese (N=608) | P-valuec | |
| Age (years) | 53 (16) | 60 (13) | 61 (12) | <0.001 | 53 (17) | 59 (14) | 58 (13) | <0.001 |
| Profession type (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Manual | 13.0 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 22.8 | 21.7 | 25.4 | ||
| Non manual | 36.5 | 19.6 | 15.1 | 36.1 | 30.8 | 27.5 | ||
| Housewife | 17.4 | 23.7 | 25.5 | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | ||
| Retired | 25.4 | 40.9 | 41.3 | 31.6 | 43.9 | 43.2 | ||
| Student/ Unemployed | 7.7 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 9.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | ||
| Marital status (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Single | 20.8 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 24.3 | 11.1 | 10.0 | ||
| Married | 67.6 | 76.4 | 74.7 | 72.5 | 84.9 | 83.9 | ||
| Separated | 2.7 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | ||
| Widow | 8.9 | 13.2 | 16.4 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 4.3 | ||
| Physically active (%) | 22.0 | 12.8 | 8.7 | <0.001 | 29.2 | 17.1 | 8.4 | <0.001 |
| Adherence to MeD (Italian score 0–11) | 3.61 (1.77) | 3.71 (1.73) | 3.82 (1.70) | 0.02 | 3.89 (1.74) | 3.98 (1.66) | 4.01 (1.74) | 0.17 |
| Energy intake (kcal per day) | 1789 (632) | 1777 (622) | 1842 (763) | 0.10 | 2089 (712) | 2059 (742) | 2157 (765) | 0.02 |
| Pasta (grams per day) | 49.4 (46.1) | 52.1 (46.1) | 56.4 (50.8) | 0.002 | 64.7 (48.9) | 62.7 (49.1) | 64.6 (48.7) | 0.44 |
| Pasta (g kcal−1 of daily energy intake) | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.032 | 0.02 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.52 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
a
Results are presented as mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and as frequencies for categorical data.
b
The number of underweight individuals was very low and did not affect the means of normal weight individuals (i.e., <1% of total population).
c
P-value derived through comparisons of continuous and categorical variables between BMI groups using the one-way analysis of variance F-test and Pearson's X2-test, respectively.