Table 1.
Category | Overall |
Current HBV infection* |
Past or present HBV infection† |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | Weighted % (95% CI) | N | Weighted % (95% CI) | |
Overall | 1,091 | 100.00 | 27 | 2.07 (1.36–3.13) | 365 | 31.52 (27.98–35.30) |
Residing province | ||||||
Nairobi | 153 | 14.02 | 0 | – | 41 | 27.60 (18.09–39.68) |
Central | 149 | 13.66 | 4 | 2.72 (1.03–7.04) | 36 | 23.70 (17.88–30.70) |
Coast | 129 | 11.82 | 4 | 3.19 (1.05–9.32) | 44 | 30.11 (21.15–40.89) |
Eastern | 112 | 10.27 | 2 | 1.75 (0.42–7.07) | 41 | 35.10 (24.31–47.65) |
North Eastern | 140 | 12.83 | 9 | 7.35 (3.76–13.88) | 84 | 60.84 (50.78–70.05) |
Nyanza | 154 | 14.12 | 5 | 2.66 (1.18–5.86) | 53 | 36.28 (30.24–42.78) |
Rift Valley | 118 | 10.82 | 3 | 1.85 (0.52–6.34) | 33 | 30.60 (20.37–43.17) |
Western | 136 | 12.47 | 0 | – | 33 | 23.60 (16.54–32.50) |
Rural/urban | ||||||
Rural | 785 | 71.95 | 26 | 2.72 (1.78–4.13) | 284 | 33.65 (29.71–37.83) |
Urban | 306 | 28.05 | 1 | 0.41 (0.06–2.93) | 81 | 26.09 (19.16–34.45) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 431 | 39.51 | 18 | 3.53 (2.15–5.76) | 145 | 30.69 (25.96–35.87) |
Female | 660 | 60.49 | 9 | 1.16 (0.54–2.51) | 220 | 32.03 (27.52–36.91) |
Age group (years) | ||||||
15–24 | 378 | 34.65 | 9 | 1.92 (0.94–3.90) | 66 | 17.81 (13.40–23.28) |
25–34 | 272 | 24.93 | 6 | 2.04 (0.86–4.79) | 87 | 30.08 (23.37–37.77) |
35–44 | 191 | 17.51 | 6 | 2.36 (0.91–6.01) | 78 | 37.36 (28.15–47.58) |
45–54 | 153 | 14.02 | 4 | 2.33 (0.80–6.57) | 82 | 53.89 (44.35–63.15) |
55–64 | 97 | 8.89 | 2 | 1.82 (0.39–7.96) | 52 | 50.86 (36.47–65.10) |
Education‡ | ||||||
No primary | 223 | 20.44 | 9 | 3.45 (1.57–7.41) | 114 | 47.55 (38.25–57.02) |
Incomplete/complete primary | 507 | 46.47 | 12 | 1.86 (1.05–3.28) | 164 | 33.99 (29.30–39.02) |
Secondary or higher | 361 | 33.09 | 6 | 1.78 (0.73–4.26) | 87 | 21.39 (16.17–27.73) |
Marital status | ||||||
Never married or cohabitated | 328 | 30.06 | 5 | 1.46 (0.51–4.13) | 56 | 18.28 (13.69–24.00) |
Formerly married or cohabitated | 130 | 11.92 | 3 | 1.44 (0.40–5.12_ | 51 | 32.93 (23.40–44.12) |
Currently monogamous | 554 | 50.78 | 17 | 2.43 (1.43–4.08) | 220 | 37.18 (32.23–42.41) |
Currently polygamous | 79 | 7.24 | 2 | 3.48 (0.95–11.92) | 38 | 50.68 (36.80–64.45) |
Ever blood transfusion | ||||||
Yes | 63 | 5.77 | 3 | 3.62 (0.89–13.54) | 26 | 33.68 (16.41–56.78) |
No | 1,028 | 94.23 | 24 | 1.93 (1.24–2.98) | 339 | 31.33 (27.97–34.89) |
Lifetime number of sex partners | ||||||
No partner/never had sex | 148 | 13.91 | 2 | 0.38 (0.09–1.63) | 27 | 16.29 (10.69–24.05) |
1 partner | 337 | 31.67 | 7 | 1.42 (0.50–3.97) | 131 | 31.41 (25.08–38.52) |
2+ partners | 579 | 54.42 | 18 | 2.92 (1.82–4.66) | 196 | 34.61 (30.02–39.50) |
Had sex partner in last 12 months? | ||||||
Yes | 756 | 72.69 | 21 | 2.48 (1.55–3.95) | 258 | 33.64 (29.41–38.15) |
No | 284 | 27.31 | 5 | 1.13 (0.40–3.17) | 78 | 24.16 (18.76–30.54) |
Have you ever used a condom? | ||||||
Yes | 268 | 30.45 | 9 | 3.29 (1.60–6.65) | 65 | 25.43 (18.83–33.39) |
No | 612 | 69.55 | 14 | 1.81 (1.01–3.22) | 258 | 38.75 (33.97–43.75) |
Lifetime number of medical injections | ||||||
0 | 724 | 66.36 | 19 | 2.21 (1.30–3.72) | 240 | 30.65 (26.52–35.12) |
1 | 95 | 8.71 | 0 | – | 37 | 33.37 (22.52–46.32) |
2–3 | 168 | 15.40 | 4 | 2.17 (0.75–6.11) | 48 | 29.19 (22.15–37.39) |
≥ 4 | 104 | 9.53 | 4 | 3.07 (1.37–6.73) | 40 | 39.14 (28.79–50.57) |
Among females, ever given birth | ||||||
Yes | 526 | 79.70 | 6 | 0.98 (0.41–2.32) | 193 | 34.81 (29.55–40.47) |
No | 134 | 20.30 | 3 | 1.85 (0.38–8.59) | 27 | 21.53 (14.15–31.35) |
CI = confidence interval; HBV = hepatitis B virus. Specimens that were quantity not sufficient and missing values were excluded from this analysis.
Current HBV infection was defined as having a positive laboratory result for both hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
Past or present HBV infection was defined as having a positive laboratory result for HBcAb.
Primary school is defined as elementary school usually from the ages of about 5 to 11 years. Secondary school is middle and high school usually from the ages 10 or 11 to 18 or 19 years.