Table 2.
Unadjusted relative odds of past or present HBV infection* among adults and adolescents aged 15–64 years, Kenya, 2007
| Category | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Residing province | |
| Nairobi | 1.00 (reference) |
| Central | 0.78 (0.40, 1.52) |
| Coast | 1.08 (0.52, 2.24) |
| Eastern | 1.40 (0.65, 3.01) |
| North Eastern | 4.62 (2.32, 9.21) |
| Nyanza | 1.55 (0.83, 2.88) |
| Rift Valley | 1.13 (0.51, 2.47) |
| Western | 0.78 (0.38, 1.59) |
| Rural/urban | |
| Rural | 1.46 (0.94, 2.28) |
| Urban | 1.00 (reference) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 0.94 (0.69, 1.26) |
| Female | 1.00 (reference) |
| Age group (years) | |
| 15–24 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 25–34 | 1.99 (1.24, 3.18) |
| 35–44 | 2.75 (1.62, 4.65) |
| 45–54 | 5.51 (3.29, 9.24) |
| 55–64 | 4.67 (2.34, 9.28) |
| Education† | |
| No primary | 3.55 (2.13, 5.93) |
| Incomplete/complete primary | 1.89 (1.25, 2.87) |
| Secondary or higher | 1.00 (reference) |
| Marital status | |
| Never married/cohabitated | 1.00 (reference) |
| Formerly married/cohabitated | 2.15 (1.15, 4.00) |
| Currently monogamous | 2.61 (1.75, 3.89) |
| Currently polygamous | 4.87 (2.52, 9.40) |
| Blood transfusion | |
| Yes | 1.09 (0.41, 2.85) |
| No | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lifetime number of sex partners | |
| No partner/never had sex | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 partner | 2.32 (1.29, 4.17) |
| ≥ 2 partners | 2.66 (1.56, 4.55) |
| Lifetime number of medical injections | |
| 0 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.13 (0.64, 2.00) |
| 2–3 | 0.92 (0.60, 1.39) |
| ≥ 4 | 1.50 (0.90, 2.51) |
| Had sex partner in last 12 months? | |
| Yes | 1.58 (1.09, 2.29) |
| No | 1.00 (reference) |
| Have you ever used a condom? | |
| Yes | 1.00 (reference) |
| No | 1.91 (1.25, 2.91) |
| Among females, ever given birth | |
| Yes | 1.95 (1.09, 3.49) |
| No | 1.00 (reference) |
CI = confidence interval; HBV = hepatitis B virus; OR = odds ratio.
*
Past or present HBV infection was defined as having a positive laboratory result for hepatitis B core antibody.
†
Primary school is defined as elementary school usually from the ages of about 5 to 11 years. Secondary school is middle and high school usually from the ages 10 or 11 to 18 or 19 years.