Table 2.
Baseline determinants related to tuberculosis and baseline mycobacteriology in Lambaréné (2012–2013)
| Total cohort | Adults | Children | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort, n (%) | 201 (100) | 170 (85) | 31 (15) |
| TB index case known, n (%) | 72/189 (38) | 48/160 (30) | 24/29 (83) |
| Main TB contact | Family member | Sibling | Parent |
| Reported TB symptoms | |||
| Weight loss, n (%) | 173/199 (87) | 151/169 (89) | 22/30 (73) |
| Mean weight loss, kg (SD)* | NA | 8.0 (6.5) | 3.7 (2.5) |
| Cough, n (%) | 167/200 (84) | 143/170 (84) | 24/30 (80) |
| Fever, n (%) | 162/198 (82) | 138/169 (82) | 24/29 (83) |
| Night sweat, n (%) | 100/194 (52) | 88/168 (52) | 12/26 (46) |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 76/200 (38) | 69/170 (41) | 7/30 (23) |
| Hemoptysis, n (%) | 44/197 (22) | 43/168 (26) | 1/29 (3) |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 43/200 (22) | 40/170 (24) | 3/30 (10) |
| Median duration of cough, days (IQR)† | 30 (21–90) | 30 (21–90) | 26 (14–128) |
| Clinical examination | |||
| Pathologic lung auscultation, n (%) | 136/188 (72) | 120/162 (74) | 16/26 (62) |
| Axillary temperature > 37.5°C, n (%) | 77/162 (48) | 71/142 (50) | 6/20 (30) |
| Palpable lymphadenopathy, n (%) | 36/188 (19) | 28/160 (18) | 8/28 (29) |
| BMI, mean (SD)‡ | NA | 18.9 (2.8) | NA |
| Children < 3rd/5th percentile, n (%)§ | NA | NA | 5/20 (25) |
| Hemoglobin, mean g/dL (SD) | 9.8 (2.2) | 10.0 (2.3) | 8.1 (2.2) |
| Prior non-antitubercular antibiotics, n (%) | 74/113 (66) | 65/98 (66) | 8/14 (57) |
| Most frequent antibiotics | NA | Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole | Gentamycin |
| Pathologic chest X-ray, n (%) | 171/177 (97) | 144/148 (97) | 27/29 (93) |
| Infiltrates, n (%) | 144/177 (81) | 122/148 (82) | 22/29 (76) |
| Cavitations, n (%) | 56/177 (32) | 51/148 (35) | 5/29 (17) |
| Hilar lymphadenopathy, n (%) | 55/177 (31) | 43/148 (29) | 12/29 (41) |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 21/177 (12) | 19/148 (13) | 2/29 (7) |
| Positive TST, n (%) | 36/58 (62) | 26/41 (63) | 10/17 (59) |
| Mycobacteriology performed, n (%) | 179/201 (89) | 164/170 (97) | 15/31 (48) |
| Positive sputum microscopy∥ | 125/173 (72) | 119/160 (74) | 6/13 (46) |
| Ziehl–Neelsen stain ≥ 3+ | 31/155 (20) | 29/144 (20) | 2/11 (18) |
| Positive sputum culture | 105/150 (70) | 98/138 (71) | 7/12 (58) |
| Positive extrapulmonary sample microscopy∥ | 1/10 (10) | 1/8 (13) | 0/2 |
| Positive extrapulmonary sample culture | 4/8 (50) | 4/7 (57) | 0/1 |
| Total positive mycobacteriology¶ | 134/179 (75) | 126/164 (77) | 8/15 (53) |
| PCR and DST | |||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis, n (%) | 89/108 (82) | 83/101 (82) | 6/7 (86) |
| Mycobacterium africanum, n (%) | 17/108 (16) | 16/101 (16) | 1/7 (14) |
| Mycobacterium intracellulare, n (%) | 2/108 (2) | 2/101 (2) | 0/7 |
| Drug-sensitive TB, n (%) | 88/105 (84) | 82/98 (84) | 6/7 (86) |
| Mono-resistance, n (%) | 7/105 (7) | 6/98 (6) | 1/7 (14) |
| Poly-resistance, n (%) | 2/105 (2) | 2/98 (2) | 0/7 |
| MDR, n (%) | 8/105 (8) | 8/98 (8) | 0/7 |
BMI = body mass index; DST = drug susceptibility testing; IQR = interquartile range; MDR = multidrug resistance; NA = not available; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; SD = standard deviation; TST = tuberculin skin test.
*
Data available for 58 adults and 11 children.
†
Data available for 143 adults and 21 children.
‡
Data available for 109 patients.
§
Percentiles based on growth charts by World Health Organization: 3rd percentile for children < 2 years of age and 5th percentile for children ≥ 2 years of age.
∥
Using Ziehl–Neelsen and/or auramine fluorochrome stain.
¶
Confirmed by microscopy or culture.