Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics.
| Control | Very early | Early | Late | p valuea | p valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 56 | n = 81 | n = 304 | n = 349 | |||
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Age (year) | 41.1 ± 2.9 | 41.3 ± 3.5 | 54.0 ± 5.1 | 65.3 ± 6.7 | 0.737 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 46 (82.1) | 73 (90.1) | 167 (54.9) | 284 (81.4) | 0.204 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.1 | 27.1 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 3.2 | 25.5 ± 3.5 | 0.026 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120.3 ± 15.3 | 121.8 ± 12.5 | 129.0 ± 16.8 | 131.0 ± 17.7 | 0.547 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 78.9 ± 10.7 | 80.5 ± 12.0 | 80.5 ± 11.4 | 77.8 ± 11.1 | 0.421 | 0.005 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 27 (48.2) | 39 (48.1) | 117 (38.5) | 125 (35.8) | 0.122 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (28.6) | 46 (56.8) | 193 (63.5) | 233 (66.8) | 0.002 | 0.223 |
| DM, n (%) | 7 (12.5) | 16 (19.8) | 75 (24.7) | 105 (30.1) | 0.354 | 0.096 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 28 (50.0) | 57 (70.4) | 184 (60.5) | 204 (58.5) | 0.020 | 0.141 |
| Family history, n (%) | 9 (16.1) | 20 (24.7) | 74 (24.3) | 49 (14.0) | 0.289 | 0.002 |
| Laboratory and clinical test | ||||||
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 0.26 ± 0.16 | 0.27 ± 0.15 | 0.35 ± 0.32 | 0.43 ± 0.40 | 0.816 | <0.001 |
| WBC count (109/L) | 6.45 ± 1.89 | 6.58 ± 1.76 | 6.29 ± 1.67 | 6.24 ± 1.73 | 0.682 | 0.266 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 4.5 (2–10) | 5 (2–8) | 7 (3–13) | 7 (3–13) | 0.825 | 0.004 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.07 (0.64–2.19) | 1.37 (0.68–2.69) | 1.49 (0.75–2.99) | 1.59 (0.68–3.31) | 0.313 | 0.773 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.86 ± 0.65 | 3.04 ± 0.77 | 3.09 ± 0.78 | 3.18 ± 0.84 | 0.150 | 0.223 |
| LVEF (%) | 67.1 ± 5.4 | 65.8 ± 7.3 | 64.9 ± 7.4 | 64.8 ± 7.6 | 0.251 | 0.558 |
| Prior drug treatment | ||||||
| Aspirin, % (n) | 10 (17.9) | 32 (39.5) | 123 (40.5) | 151 (43.3) | 0.008 | 0.703 |
| Beta-blocker, % (n) | 8 (14.3) | 19 (23.5) | 60 (19.7) | 79 (22.6) | 0.199 | 0.604 |
| ACEI, % (n) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (3.7) | 17 (5.6) | 33 (9.5) | 0.645 | 0.071 |
| ARB, % (n) | 2 (3.6) | 9 (11.1) | 27 (8.9) | 48 (13.8) | 0.199 | 0.148 |
| CCB, % (n) | 5 (8.9) | 12 (14.8) | 65 (21.4) | 88 (25.2) | 0.430 | 0.109 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). The bold values indicated statistical significance. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; WBC, white blood cell; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker. p valuea for very early CAD vs. control group. p valueb for very early CAD vs. early vs. late group.