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. 2016 Jun 6;37(8):1054–1062. doi: 10.1038/aps.2016.33

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Anti-nociceptive effect of oral administration of QO58-lysine on inflammatory pain induced by formalin in mice. (A) Effect of QO58-lysine on licking and biting behavior in phase I induced by intraplantar injection of formalin (5% methanol solution of 10 μL) in mice. Phase I was observed for a period of 0–5 min after formalin injection. Morphine (MOP, 3.5 mg/kg, sc) or retigabine (RTG, 25 mg/kg, po) was pre-administered 15 min and 1 h, respectively, before intraplantar injection of formalin into the hindpaw. Oral QO58-lysine (QO58L) was pre-administered at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg 4 h before formalin injection. Statistical significance is indicated as ##P<0.01, compared to the control group. (B) Effect of QO58-lysine on licking and biting behavior in phase II induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice. Phase II was observed for a period of 15–40 min after formalin injection. QO58-lysine at different concentrations inhibited licking and biting behavior during the phase II pain. Statistical significance is indicated as *P<0.05, **P<0.01, compared to the control group. (C) Time-dependent effect of QO58-lysine on the licking and biting behavior in phase II. Oral QO58-lysine was administered at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, and the pain response was observed for 8 h after formalin injection. The data are expressed as the mean±SEM (n=9–10).