L-WNT3A reverses peri-implant fibrous encapsulation. (A) Representative sagittal tissue sections stained with ALP to detect mineralized activity after 14 days of L-PBS (N = 12) and (B) L-WNT3A (N = 12) injections. (C) Tissue sections stained with Movat’s pentachrome after 14 days of L-PBS (N = 12) and (D) L-WNT3A (N = 12) injections. (E) Tissues stained with picrosirius red after 14 days of L-PBS (N = 12) and (F) L-WNT3A (N = 12) injections. (G) Aniline blue staining to detect new osteoid matrix after 14 days of L-PBS (N = 12) and (H) L-WNT3A (N = 12) injection. (I) Quantification of peri-implant new bone formation (% NBF) at time points indicated. (J) Quantification of bone-implant contact (%BIC) at time points indicated. Abbreviations: BIC, bone-implant contact; b, bone; fe, fibrous envelope; im, implant; NBF, new bone formation; PID, post-implant day; WT, wild-type. Scale bar = 50 μm for all panels.