Table 3.

Planned orthogonal contrasts among 7 functional groups in the best model of species‐richness recovery in planted and secondary forests.^*

	Main effect of group		Interaction with log10(age)
Comparison	t	p	t	p
Coniferous and broadleaved non‐saproxylic beetles and saproxylic beetles vs. all other groups	–0.59	0.555	–0.06	0.952
Broadleaved non‐saproxylic beetles vs. pooled coniferous non‐saproxylic beetles and saproxylic beetles	5.65	<0.001	–3.93	<0.001
Saproxylic beetles vs. coniferous non‐saproxylic beetles	–3.59	<0.001	2.45	0.018
Lichens vs. pooled coniferous litter, deadwood and ectomycorrhizal fungi	0.87	0.390	–0.74	0.464
Litter fungi vs. pooled deadwood and ectomycorrhizal fungi	1.26	0.215	–0.77	0.445
Deadwood fungi vs. ectomycorrhizal fungi	–1.40	0.168	1.20	0.237

*All comparisons had df = 45. Negative t values indicate lower coefficients for the first group than the second group, and positive values indicate higher coefficients for the first group than the second group.