Figure 3.

Cell viability of macrophages and change in CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ T-cell ratio.

Notes: (A) Cell viability of macrophages incubated in the presence of blank Cub and PS-containing cubosome dispersions (Cub-PS) and PS after 24 hours of incubation. (B) The ratio of CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ T-cells increased markedly after total spleen cells were incubated for 48 hours. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P<0.05 vs the PS group, while ^#P<0.05 vs the Cub group.

Abbreviations: Cub, cubosomes; Cub-PS, cubosome-polysaccharide nanoparticles; PS, polysaccharides; SEM, standard error of the mean.