Annex 2.
Model specification |
Unrestricted full model |
Restricted model R1 |
Restricted model R2 |
Restricted model R3 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | Pump | Thresher | Power tiller | Pump | Thresher | Power tiller | Pump | Thresher | Power tiller | Pump | Thresher | Power tiller |
Female-headed household dummy (yes = 1) | −0.09(0.10) | −0.07(0.08) | −0.50***(0.19) | 0.08(0.10) | −0.07(0.07) | −0.51***(0.19) | −0.05(0.10) | −0.09(0.07) | −0.56***(0.19) | −0.04(0.10) | −0.11(0.07) | −0.56***(0.19) |
Dummy for machine owner-operators not employed as agricultural labourers | 0.23***(0.04) | 0.08***(0.03) | 0.14***(0.04) | 0.25***(0.04) | 0.10***(0.03) | 0.19***(0.04) | 0.25***(0.04) | 0.09***(0.03) | 0.17***(0.04) | −0.24***(0.04) | 0.08***(0.03) | 0.15***(0.04) |
Number of adult family member (>15 years) | 0.06***(0.01) | 0.13***(0.01) | 0.11***(0.01) | 0.02***(0.01) | 0.14***(0.01) | 0.13***(0.01) | 0.09***(0.01) | 0.16***(0.01) | 0.15***(0.01) | 0.09***(0.01) | 0.16***(0.01) | 0.15***(0.01) |
Pond ownership dummy (yes = 1) | 0.31***(0.04) | 0.46***(0.03) | 0.36***(0.04) | 0.33***(0.04) | 0.49***(0.03) | 0.41***(0.04) | ||||||
Number of cows and buffalos | 0.07***(0.01) | 0.08***(0.01) | 0.09***(0.01) | 0.08***(0.01) | 0.09***(0.01) | 0.091***(0.01) | ||||||
Land owned (hectares) | 0.03***(0.01) | 0.03***(0.01) | 0.05***(0.01) | 0.05***(0.01) | 0.06***(0.00) | 0.082***(0.01) | ||||||
Medium- and large-farm size dummy (>1 ha) yes = 1 | 0.37***(0.10) | 0.19**(0.08) | 0.50***(0.10) | 0.64***(0.09) | 0.50***(0.07) | 0.99***(0.09) | 0.64***(0.08) | 0.46***(0.06) | 0.96***(0.09) | |||
Dummy for loan and credit access (yes = 1) | 0.12***(0.04) | 0.22***(0.03) | 0.15***(0.05) | 0.12***(0.04) | 0.18***(0.03) | 0.11***(0.04) | 0.14***(0.04) | 0.24***(0.03) | 0.17***(0.05) | |||
Dummy for agricultural machinery run using electricity (yes = 1) | 4.32***(0.04) | 3.10***(0.03) | 3.01***(0.04) | 4.33***(0.04) | 3.12***(0.03) | 3.05***(0.04) | 4.37***(0.04) | 3.17***(0.03) | 3.07***(0.04) | 4.38***(0.04) | 3.17***(0.03) | 3.08***(0.04) |
Km (‘000) of paved or gravel road at the sub-District level | 0.06***(0.02) | 0.04***(0.01) | −0.01(0.03) | 0.04**(0.02) | 0.06***(0.01) | −0.013(0.02) | 0.05**(0.02) | 0.04***(0.01) | −0.010(0.03) | 0.05**(0.02) | 0.033**(0.01) | −0.02(0.03) |
Km (‘000) of paved or gravel road at the sub-District level × medium and large-farm size dummy | −0.01(0.04) | 0.13***(0.03) | 0.04(0.04) | −0.013(0.04) | 0.13***(0.03) | 0.020(0.04) | −0.02(0.04) | 0.13***(0.03) | 0.020(0.04) | |||
Dummy for loan and credit access × medium and large-farm size dummy | −0.02(0.08) | −0.17**(0.07) | −0.11(0.09) | −0.02(0.08) | −0.16**(0.07) | −0.11(0.09) | ||||||
No. of households worked as agriculture labour on farms operated by others at the District level (‘000) | 0.001***(0.00) | −0.0001(0.00) | −0.001***(0.00) | 0.001***(0.00) | −0.00004(0.00) | −0.001***(0.00) | 0.001***(0.00) | −0.0001*(0.00) | −0.001***(0.00) | 0.001***(0.00) | −0.0001(0.00) | −0.001***(0.00) |
Barisal Division dummy | −0.77***(0.16) | −1.27***(0.08) | −0.42***(0.11) | −0.77***(0.16) | −1.26***(0.08) | −0.41***(0.11) | −0.67***(0.16) | −1.15***(0.08) | −0.26**(0.10) | −0.64***(0.16) | −1.10***(0.08) | −0.23**(0.10) |
Khulna Division dummy | 0.38***(0.06) | −0.08**(0.04) | 0.24***(0.07) | 0.40***(0.06) | −0.03(0.04) | 0.30***(0.07) | 0.34***(0.06) | −0.15***(0.04) | 0.21***(0.07) | 0.37***(0.06) | −0.11***(0.04) | 0.24***(0.07) |
Dhaka Division dummy | 0.31***(0.06) | −0.73***(0.04) | 0.021(0.07) | 0.32***(0.06) | −0.70***(0.04) | 0.06(0.07) | 0.21***(0.06) | −0.88***(0.04) | −0.078(0.06) | 0.23***(0.06) | −0.85***(0.04) | −0.07(0.06) |
Sylhet Division dummy | −0.31***(0.11) | −1.18***(0.07) | −0.10(0.09) | −0.30***(0.11) | −1.17***(0.07) | −0.08(0.09) | −0.26**(0.11) | −1.14***(0.07) | 0.004(0.09) | −0.26**(0.10) | −1.12***(0.07) | 0.01(0.09) |
Rajshahi Division dummy | 0.26***(0.06) | −0.36***(0.04) | 0.41***(0.07) | 0.28***(0.06) | −0.32***(0.04) | 0.47***(0.07) | 0.16***(0.06) | −0.53***(0.04) | 0.30***(0.06) | 0.17***(0.06) | −0.51***(0.03) | 0.31***(0.06) |
Rangpur Division dummy | 0.21***(0.08) | −0.78***(0.06) | 0.09(0.09) | 0.23***(0.08) | −0.75***(0.06) | 0.14(0.09) | 0.14*(0.07) | −0.90***(0.06) | 0.04(0.09) | 0.15**(0.07) | −0.88***(0.06) | 0.04(0.09) |
Constant | −4.78***(0.13) | −3.71***(0.08) | −5.11***(0.21) | −4.77***(0.12) | −5.11***(0.21) | −4.63***(0.12) | −3.46***(0.08) | −4.95***(0.20) | −4.61***(0.12) | −3.42***(0.08) | −4.92***(0.20) | |
No. of households | 203,515 | 203,515 | 203,515 | 203,515 | ||||||||
Wald χ2(57) | 22596.20 | 22383.17 | 22678.88 | 22705.27 | ||||||||
Probability > χ2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
Log pseudo likelihood | −20235.62 | −20343.62 | −20668.78 | −20699.56 |
Notes: Numbers in parentheses are robust standard errors.
*Significant at the 10% level. **Significant at the 5% level. ***Significant at the 1% level.