Table 3. Factors associated with AKI.

Univariate and Multivariate Analysis.

Variable (n = 4,174)	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	Odds Ratio 95% CI	P value	Odds Ratio 95% CI	P value
Age, y	1.02 (1.01–1.021)	< .001	1.01 (1.001–1.02)	.04
Male	0.90 (0.80–0.997)	.04	0.88 (0.64–1.20)	.4
CHF	2.29 (1.97–2.66)	< .001	1.29 (0.81–2.05)	.3
CKD	2.69 (2.35–3.08)	< .001	2.05 (1.21–3.48)	.008
COPD	1.27 (1.10–1.46)	.001	1.40 (0.92–2.13)	.1
Cirrhosis	1.36(1.02–1.82)	.04	1.39(0.72–2.70)	.3
Dementia	1.58(1.22–2.05)	.0007	1.22(0.55–2.73)	.6
Diabetes mellitus (DM)	1.76(1.56–1.98)	< .001	1.05(0.69–1.59)	.8
DM with complication	1.70(1.41–2.04)	< .001	1.29(0.66–2.54)	.5
Metastatic Cancer	1.24(0.97–1.58)	.09	1.95(0.72–5.32)	.2
Peptic ulcer disease	1.17(0.96–1.40)	.11	1.34(0.80–2.27)	.3
Rheumatologic disease	1.05(0.82–1.34)	.72	1.36(0.74–2.52)	.3
SOFA Score	1.32 (1.30–1.35)	< .001	1.31 (1.24–1.38)	< .0001
Charlson comorbidity Index	1.12 (1.10–1.14)	< .001	1.09 (0.97–1.23)	.2
Baseline Sodium	0.98(0.97–0.99)	< .001	0.99(0.96–1.03)	.8
Baseline Bicarbonate	0.95(0.84–0.96)	< .001	0.96(0.92–0.99)	.01
Baseline Scr, mg/dL	1.99 (1.82–2.20)	< .001	1.30 (1.14–1.52)	.001
Baseline albumin <3.5 g/L	2.01 (1.60–2.53)	< .001	1.56 (1.12–2.17)	.01
Baseline chloride, ≤94 mmol/L	1.69 (1.43–2.01)	< .001	1.72 (1.07–2.79)	.02
Baseline chloride, 94–99 mmol/L	1.26 (1.10–1.45)	.001	1.25 (0.87–1.81)	.2
Baseline chloride, 100–108 mmol/L	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	--
Baseline chloride, >108 mmol/L	1.06 (0.81–1.38)	.7	1.01 (0.46–2.18)	.9
Diuretics	2.00 (1.78–2.25)	< .001	1.67(1.20–2.32)	.002
0.9% Saline ≥1550 mL	2.81 (2.50–3.15)	< .001	1.71(1.22–2.40)	.002

Abbreviations: CHF, chronic heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Scr, serum creatinine; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.