Table 1. Cochrane´s assessment tool for assessing risk of bias.
| Author(s) | Year of publication | Random Sequence generation (Selection bias) | Allocation Concealment (Selection bias) | Blinding of participants and researchers (Performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessment (Detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (Attrition bias) | Selective reporting (Reporting bias) | Other bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies in HIV patients | ||||||||
| Jarvis et al [5] | 2012 | Low | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Techapornroong et al [31] | 2007 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Brouwer et al [6] | 2004 | Low | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Nussbaum et al [7] | 2009 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Mayanja-Kizza et al [32] | 1998 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | High |
| Hamill et al [33] | 2010 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Chotmongkol et al [34] | 1997 | High | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Tansuphaswadikul et al [35] | 2006 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Loyse et al [8] | 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Bicanic et al [9] | 2008 | Low | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Chotmongkol et al [36] | 2005 | Unclear | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Jadhav et al [37] | 2010 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Jackson et al [10] | 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Pappas et al [38] | 2009 | Unclear | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Pappas et al [39] | 2004 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Bisson et al [11] | 2013 | Unclear | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Larsen et al [40] | 1990 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| de Gans et al [41] | 1992 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Leenders et al [42] | 1997 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |
| van der Horst et al [43] | 1997 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Day et al [44] | 2013 | Low | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Makadzange et al [45] | 2010 | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Saag et al [46] | 1992 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Sharkey et al [47] | 1996 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Beardsley et al [13] | 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Studies including non-HIV patients | ||||||||
| Bennett et al [48] | 1979 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Dismukes et al [49] | 1987 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |