Table 2. The definitions and distribution of regional variables.
| Variables, Unit | No. of regions | Median | Minimum | Maximum | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | |||||
| 2013 prevalence of SHS, % | |||||
| At home | 252 | 8.9 | 1.76 | 20.6 | |
| In work place | 252 | 18.7 | 3.05 | 36.7 | |
| In public place | 252 | 86.2 | 21.64 | 96.8 | |
| Regional-level variables | |||||
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Normalized household income (10,000 KRW/mon) | 252 | 166.6 | 81.5 | 335.7 | Total household income divided by the square root of the number of family members |
| High school graduation rates, % | 252 | 71 | 36.3 | 95.7 | Proportion of people older than 19 years who graduated from high school |
| Unemployment rate, % | 252 | 6.1 | 1.5 | 11.2 | Proportion of people older than 19 years who are unemployed |
| Proportion of family with single parents or grandparents only, % | 252 | 9 | 4.4 | 13.8 | Proportion of families who live with a single parent or grandparents only (with no parents) |
| Health behavior factors | |||||
| Prevalence of active smoking, % | 252 | 46.4 | 33.3 | 60.4 | Proportion of individuals who smoked more than five packs of cigarettes in their life time |
| Heavy drinking rate, % | 252 | 16 | 6 | 28.7 | Proportion of males who drank more than seven cups of alcohol or five cans of beer and females who drank more than five cups of alcohol or three cans of beer more than twice a week in the past12 months |
| Cancer screening rate, % | 252 | 49.4 | 20.4 | 66.4 | Proportion of people who received cancer screening within the past two years |
| Health policy | |||||
| Proportion of health budget, % | 252 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 8.7 | Proportion of total budget allocated to health |
| Financial autonomy, % | 252 | 65.4 | 32.8 | 90.1 | Percentage of financial independence assigned by the regional government |
| Year of smoke-free ordinances implementation | Regions were divided into the following four groups according to the years of smoke-free ordinance implementation; | ||||
| No implemented | 100 | — | — | — | 0. Not implemented; |
| In 2013 | 54 | — | — | — | 1. Implementation between January 1 to December 31, 2013; |
| In 2012 | 70 | — | — | — | 2. Implementation between January 1 to December 31, 2012; |
| Before and in 2011 | 28 | — | — | — | 3. Implementation before December 31, 2011 |
SHS, secondhand smoke.