Table 4. Characteristics of subjects with diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer according to the pre-operative HbA1c levels.
| Parameters | HbA1c < 7.0 (n = 61) | HbA1c ≥ 7 (n = 66) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (≥ 25) | 24.6 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 3.3 | 0.591* |
| Creatinine (> 1.5 mg/dL) | 1.092 ± 0.42 | 1.347 ± 1.07 | 0.085* |
| Hypertension | 38 (62.3) | 40 (60.6) | 0.857* |
| Tumor stage | |||
| Tis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.064* |
| Ta | 45 (73.8) | 38 (57.6) | |
| T1 | 16 (26.2) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Grade | |||
| PUNLMP | 4 (6.6) | 3 (4.5) | 0.730* |
| Low | 36 (59.0) | 36 (54.2) | |
| High | 21 (34.4) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Tumor size | |||
| < 3 cm | 45 (73.8) | 50 (75.8) | 0.840* |
| ≥ 3 cm | 16 (26.2) | 16 (24.2) | |
| Tumor multiplicity | |||
| < 3 | 30 (49.2) | 29 (43.9) | 0.596* |
| ≥ 3 | 31 (50.8) | 37 (56.1) | |
| Intravesical treatment | 43 (70.5) | 60 (90.9) | 0.006* |
| Recurrence | 28 (45.9) | 30 (45.5) | 1.000* |
| Early recurrence | 20 (32.8) | 22 (33.3) | 1.000* |
| Progression | 7 (11.5) | 19 (28.8) | 0.026* |
| Metformin use | 30 (49.2) | 31 (47.0) | 0.860* |
| Post-operative HbA1c (< 7.0%) | 54 (88.5) | 14 (21.2) | 0.001* |
| Smoking | 31 (50.8) | 30 (45.5) | 0.596* |
Unless indicated otherwise, data are given as the number of patients in each group, with the percentage given in parentheses.
PUNLMP, Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential; BMI, Body mass index.
*χ2 test.