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. 2016 Jun 27;31(9):1485–1490. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1485

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© 2016 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4 — Changes in (A) blood pressure and (B) heart rate for the three groups.

FK group, fentanyl-ketorolac group; RK group: remifentanil-ketorolac group, DK group: dexmedetomidine-ketorolac group. t0, before induction time; t1, after induction time; t2, after incision time; t3, operation 15 minutes; t4, operation 30 minutes; t5, operation 60 minutes: t6, operation 75 minutes; t7, operation 80 minutes; t8, operation 85 minutes; t9, operation 90 minutes; t10-Rec-0, arrival at recovery room; t11-Rec-05, 5 minutes after arrival at recovery room; t12-Rec-10, 10 minutes after arrival at recovery room; t13-Rec-15, 15 minutes after arrival at recovery room; t14-Rec-20, 20 minutes after arrival at recovery room; t15-Rec-25, 25 minutes after arrival at recovery room; t16-rec-30, 30 minutes after arrival at recovery room.

^*DK group indicates significantly lower than other groups for systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05); ^†DK group indicates significantly lower than other groups for diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05); ^‡DK group indicates significantly lower than other groups for heart rate (P < 0.05).