Table 2.
Multinomial logit regression of the probability of children having health insurance
| Explanatory variables | Estimation using VHLSSs 2006 and 2008 |
Estimation using VHLSSs 2010 and 2012 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enrolled in student health insurance in 2008 (yes = 1, no = 0) | Enrolled in free health insurance in 2008 (yes = 1, no = 0) | Enrolled in student health insurance in 2008 (yes = 1, no = 0) | Enrolled in free health insurance in 2008 (yes = 1, no = 0) | |
| Age | 0.0122 | −0.0897*** | −0.0407* | −0.0052 |
| (0.0178) | (0.0258) | (0.0241) | (0.0285) | |
| Sex (male = 1, female = 0) | −0.0250 | 0.0521 | −0.0457 | −0.0977 |
| (0.0757) | (0.1061) | (0.1056) | (0.1313) | |
| Ethnic minorities (yes = 1) | −0.5868*** | 0.0549 | −0.6287*** | 2.0530*** |
| (0.1190) | (0.1532) | (0.1811) | (0.1689) | |
| Attending school | 2.4796*** | 1.2287*** | 2.4920*** | 0.8578*** |
| (0.1744) | (0.1974) | (0.2478) | (0.2255) | |
| Log of per capita income | 0.4629*** | −1.3994*** | 0.6031*** | −1.4203*** |
| (0.0797) | (0.1233) | (0.1034) | (0.1444) | |
| Household size | −0.0125 | 0.0060 | 0.1177*** | 0.0051 |
| (0.0268) | (0.0376) | (0.0395) | (0.0446) | |
| Proportion of children in households | 0.4780 | 1.0777*** | 0.1684 | −0.5964 |
| (0.2989) | (0.3987) | (0.4015) | (0.4757) | |
| Proportion of elderly in households | 0.7076 | −0.5008 | 1.8244*** | 1.6999** |
| (0.4471) | (0.6530) | (0.6394) | (0.7518) | |
| Age of household head | 0.0129*** | −0.0038 | 0.0011 | −0.0165** |
| (0.0047) | (0.0061) | (0.0070) | (0.0079) | |
| Sex of head (male = 1, female = 0) | −0.1260 | −0.1689 | −0.1347 | −0.0613 |
| (0.1388) | (0.1982) | (0.2004) | (0.2871) | |
| Household head without education degree | Reference | |||
| Household head with primary education | 0.3605*** | −0.0435 | 0.1820 | −0.0655 |
| (0.1134) | (0.1436) | (0.1499) | (0.1748) | |
| Household head with lower-secondary | 0.4131*** | −0.1108 | 0.5080*** | 0.3832* |
| (0.1247) | (0.1758) | (0.1822) | (0.2207) | |
| Household head with upper-secondary | 0.4088*** | −0.4701* | 0.5343** | 0.1113 |
| (0.1508) | (0.2411) | (0.2201) | (0.3228) | |
| Household head with post-secondary | 1.7410*** | 3.1364*** | 0.3392 | −0.8047 |
| (0.5241) | (0.6266) | (0.3919) | (0.6589) | |
| Household head without spouse | Reference | |||
| Household head’s spouse without education | −0.2191 | 0.4239* | 0.9196*** | 0.8790*** |
| (0.1820) | (0.2436) | (0.2835) | (0.3404) | |
| Household head’s spouse with primary | 0.1722 | −0.0040 | 0.4683*** | −0.1166 |
| (0.1154) | (0.1542) | (0.1451) | (0.1822) | |
| Household head’s spouse with lower- | 0.0630 | −0.0148 | 0.5328*** | −0.5900** |
| (0.1322) | (0.1902) | (0.1790) | (0.2376) | |
| Household head’s spouse with upper- | 0.4033** | 0.2558 | 0.5491** | −0.1479 |
| (0.1787) | (0.2996) | (0.2440) | (0.3709) | |
| Household head’s spouse with post- | 1.6187** | 1.3179 | 1.4439*** | 2.4847*** |
| (0.6789) | (0.8870) | (0.5519) | (0.7544) | |
| Urban (urban = 1; rural = 0) | 0.3476*** | −0.5764*** | 0.5644*** | −0.0672 |
| (0.1122) | (0.2011) | (0.1595) | (0.2254) | |
| Number of doctors per 1000 people | 2.5881*** | 2.0884*** | −0.1325 | −0.1207 |
| (0.3257) | (0.4800) | (0.4587) | (0.5366) | |
| Number of hospital per 1000 people | −37.7050*** | −18.9089 | 1.5484 | 52.7175*** |
| (10.4348) | (15.7174) | (14.1803) | (18.0295) | |
| Dummy year (2008 or 2012)a | 0.9342*** | 1.6824*** | 0.3227** | 1.0438*** |
| (0.0886) | (0.1272) | (0.1270) | (0.1619) | |
| Constant | −8.0450*** | 9.0468*** | −7.8169*** | 11.5076*** |
| (0.8438) | (1.2592) | (1.1648) | (1.4951) | |
| Observations | 5,013 | 5,013 | 4,110 | 4,110 |
| R-squared | 0.188 | 0.188 | 0.345 | 0.345 |
Note: aDummy years: for regressions using the 2006 and 2008 VHLSS, the dummy year is equal 1 for 2008 and 0 for 2006. For regressions using the 2010 and 2012 VHLSS, the dummy year is equal 1 for 2012 and 0 for 2010
Robust standard errors in parentheses
Source: Estimates from VHLSSs 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1