Table 2.

Bivariate Relations between Demographic/Environmental Factors and Earlier Age of Onset of Drinking.

Variable	Hazard Ratioa	P Value
Demographic
Race (1=White, 0=Black)	2.14	<0.001
Offspring Sex (1=male, 0=female)	0.90	NS
Economic Hardship	0.97	<0.05
Maternal Age (at recruitment)	1.05	<0.001
Gestational and Childhood Factors
Prenatal Alcohol Exposureb	1.32	<0.01
Prenatal Tobacco Exposurec	1.02	<0.001
Prenatal Marijuana Exposured	0.99	NS
Home Environment	1.09	NS
Maternal Depression	1.00	NS
Maternal Hostility	0.92	NS
Parental Strictness	0.93	<0.001
Parental Involvement	0.95	<0.001
Pubertal Statuse	0.91	<0.10
Childhood Maltreatment	1.31	<0.001
Exposure to Violence	1.06	<0.001

^aHazard Ratio per unit of measurement

^bAverage daily drink, log transformed to reduce skewness

^cAverage cigarettes/day

^dAverage joints/day

^e1=very early relative to peers, 5=much later than peers